FIG 2. Composite maps (second order, see Table) contrast cerebellar activation during different reading conditions. The SPMs from the case/line comparison served as a baseline for comparison with the SPMs from other task comparisons to generate the three composite maps: non-word rhyme (non-word rhyme/line versus case/line, column one), word rhyme (word-rhyme/line versus case/line, column two), and category (category/line versus case/line, column three). Numbers indicate cerebellar regions that were more active (P = .005, red-yellow scale) in either category/line, word rhyme/line, or non-word rhyme/line compared with case/line, respectively. Column two (word rhyme) shows no significant difference in activation between word rhyme/line and case/line. In the non-word rhyme condition (column 1, arrow A) , participants performed the same task (judge whether letter strings rhyme) as in the word rhyme condition but on unfamiliar stimuli (non-word letter strings). Activation in the non-word rhyme condition occurred in the medial aspect of posterior superior fissure and adjacent simple lobule and superior semilunar lobule bilaterally (1), the medial and posterior aspects of the superior semilunar lobule bilaterally (3), the posterior aspect of the posterior superior fissure and adjacent simple and superior semilunar lobules bilaterally (4), the posterior and medial aspect of the simple lobule on the right (6), and the posterior and medial aspects of the inferior semilunar lobule on the left (7). In the category condition (column 3, arrow B), participants viewed similar stimuli (word pairs) as in the word-rhyme condition but were required to make a more elaborate semantic analysis (category judgment versus rhyme judgment). Cerebellar activation in the category condition was observed in the right deep nuclear region (2), the middle and posterior aspects of the horizontal fissure and adjacent superior semilunar lobule and inferior semilunar lobule bilaterally (3), the inferior vermis (5), the posterior and medial aspects of the simple lobule bilaterally (6), and the posterior and medial aspects of the inferior semilunar lobule bilaterally (7). There were no areas of the cerebellum that were more active (P = .005, blue-purple scale) in the case/line condition compared with the other reading conditions. Section locations in each column from superior to inferior correspond to the following y axis positions of the Talairach atlas: -40, -50, -60, -70, -80, and -90.