Fig 1. A, Intraoperative photograph showing a ligated carotid artery with a spacer on the external surface of the artery. This spacer was subsequently removed, leaving a tight stenosis, but not occlusion.

B, Angiogram showing a partially ligated artery with approximately 80% stenosis immediately after the procedure.

C, Angiogram obtained 3 months after the procedure. Note luminal narrowing proximal and extensive dilation distal to the surgically created stenosis.