Fig 2. A 61-year-old woman with an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the left frontal lobe (case 8). A and B, Left internal carotid artery angiogram, lateral views of the arterial (A) and venous (B) phase, reveals an AVM fed by branches of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries; drainage is into the frontal ascending vein.

C, d3D-CTA (inferior view) obtained at 0.5-second intervals after contrast injection. The anterior cerebral artery (feeder, arrow) is demonstrated at 10 seconds; the frontal ascending vein (drainer, arrowhead) is shown in the early arterial phase (at 13 and 13.5 seconds). The d3D-CTA scans demonstrate the hemodynamics of the AVM.

D, d3D-CTA (superior view) obtained at 13.5, 15, 16, and 20 seconds after contrast injection. The feeding arteries, nidus, and drainer are visualized in the arterial phase (at 13.5 and 15 seconds). MCA, branch of the middle cerebral artery; ACA, branches of the anterior cerebral artery; *, varices.

E, d3D-CTA (left lateral view) obtained at 13.5, 15, 16, and 20 seconds after contrast injection. In the early arterial phase (at 13.5 seconds) the feeder, a branch of the anterior cerebral artery (arrow), and the nidus are demonstrated. The arterial phase (at 16 seconds) revealed a drainer (arrowheads), indicating that there is an arteriovenous shunt. d3D-CTA provided information on the hemodynamics and the 3D vascular structures of the AVM.