Fig 3. A 72-year-old woman with progressive tetraparesis.

A and B, MR images show a convolute of veins at the level of the foramen magnum, central myelopathy and edema from the medulla oblongata to T6, and dilated posterior medullary veins.

C and D, Lateral (C) and anteroposterior (D) right occipital artery angiograms show a dural fistula at the skull base, draining via a convolute of paramedullary veins into the posterior medullary veins (arrows).

E, Injection via microcatheter shows the proximal draining vein (arrows).

F, Radiograph, same as E, shows glue cast in the proximal draining vein (arrows).