Fig 2. High bone remodeling is associated with increased risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. The x-axis shows lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD), the y-axis shows vertebral fracture rate (VFR), and the z-axis shows bone remodeling rate (BFR) from iliac crest bone biopsies. The peaks of fracture rate occur with low bone density and a high remodeling rate. 100p-yr indicates 100 patients per year. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier from Riggs et al.⁹