Fig 2. Shown are the synthesized in vivo ¹H-MR spectroscopy spectrum (solid black), the overall fitting provided by SVD (dashed red), the individual components provided by SVD (solid color), and the residue (blue). The metabolites used in the simulation include N-acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetyl aspartylglutamate (NAAG), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCh), GABA, taurine (Tau), lactate (Lac), glutamine/glutamate (Glx), and myo-inositol (mI). The chemical shifts and J-couplings were taken from Govindaraju et al.²⁰ Simulation parameters include the following: system frequency = 200 MHz, spectral width = 4006 Hz, TE = 20 ms, Lorentzian line width = 10 Hz, number of data points = 4096. The first 1024 data points of the FID were used in the SVD procedure. The number of spectral components was 24 (19 were in the range of 0–5 ppm), which was enforced by the user as prior knowledge. The overlapping lines of Cr and PCr, Ch and PCh, NAA and NAAG, and the doublets of Lac cannot be resolved and are instead detected as singlets. The phase error in the NAA singlet at 2.02 ppm is obviously caused by the spurious broad component in its vicinity. Two components with negative phases are detected around 2.3 ppm, clearly indicating that these components are not interpretable and other components in this region are not reliable. Increasing or reducing the number of spectral components as prior knowledge did alter the overall fitting and did not ameliorate the behavior of spectral components. Freq indicates frequency.