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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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American Journal of Neuroradiology 25:798-802, May 2004
© 2004 American Society of Neuroradiology

Case Report
BRAIN

Influenza-Associated Encephalitis/Encephalopathy with a Reversible Lesion in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum: A Case Report and Literature Review

Jun-ichi Takanashi^a, A. James Barkovich^b, Ken-ichi Yamaguchi^a and Yoichi Kohno^a

^a Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
^b Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Address correspondence to Jun-ichi Takanashi, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1–8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8677, Japan

Summary: We report the cases of two patients with influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy (IAEE) who presented with mild CNS manifestations and complete recovery within a few days. Initial MR imaging at days 4 and 5 revealed a lesion in the central portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum with a reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value, which completely resolved on follow-up studies at day 10. We postulate two possible mechanisms for decreased ADC; namely, intramyelinic edema and an inflammatory infiltrate.