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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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American Journal of Neuroradiology 27:887-891, April 2006
© 2006 American Society of Neuroradiology

Case Report
BRAIN

MR Imaging of Human Herpesvirus-6–Associated Encephalitis in 4 Patients with Anterograde Amnesia after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation

R.J.T. Gorniak^a, G.S. Young^a, D.E. Wiese^a, F.M. Marty^b,c and R.B. Schwartz^d

^a Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass
^b Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass
^c Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass
^d Longwood MRI Specialists, Brookline, Mass

Address correspondence to Richard Gorniak, MD, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 S 10th St., Suite 1070, Main Bldg., Philadelphia, PA 19107

SUMMARY: MR imaging is typically obtained during the work-up of patients who have undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplant who present with unexplained change in mental status, amnesia, or seizures. Although the differential diagnosis is broad in this setting, the presence of T2 prolongation limited to the medial aspect of one or both temporal lobes with or without associated reduced water diffusion may help limit the possible diagnoses. A frequent etiology seen in this context is human herpesvirus-6 (HHV6) infection. We report the evolution of MR imaging findings and clinical course in 4 patients with limbic encephalitis probably related to HHV6.

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