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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

Published ahead of print on December 7, 2007
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A0860

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American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:574-576, March 2008
© 2008 American Society of Neuroradiology

Technical Note
HEAD & NECK

Identification of the Normal Jugular Foramen and Lower Cranial Nerve Anatomy: Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition MR Imaging

I. Davagnanam^a and S.V. Chavda^a

^a From the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

Please address correspondence to Indran Davagnanam, MD, Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK; e-mail: indran_davagnanam{at}yahoo.co.uk

SUMMARY: Conventional imaging protocols are unable to visualize the intraforaminal/canalicular segments of the lower cranial nerves (IX–XII). On the basis of previous successful demonstration of individual cranial nerves within the cavernous sinus by constructive interference in steady-state MR imaging, we describe the use of contrast-enhanced 3D fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition MR imaging to demonstrate normal in vivo intraforaminal and canalicular segments of cranial nerves IX–XII in 10 patients by using a standardized imaging protocol.