Development of a Biologically Active Guglielmi Detachable Coil for the Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms. Part I: In Vitro Study
Yuichi Murayama
,a,
Yoshiaki Suzukia,
Fernando Viñuelaa,
Makoto Kaibaraa,
Kimi Kurotobia,
Masaya Iwakia and
Toshiaki Abea
a From the Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA (Y.M., F.V.); Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan (Y.S., M.K., K.K., M.I.); Department of Neurosurgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (Y.M., T.A.).
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FIG 1. Schematic diagram of surface modification by ion implantation to protein-coated material surface. Surface of PS dishes and platinum plates was coated with type I collagen. Ne+ implantation was performed on an area that was regulated by a 100 µm circular mask.
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FIG 2. Schematic diagram of parallel plate-type flow chamber used for applying flow shear stress to endothelial cells cultured on PS surface. PS-coated slide glass on which endothelial cells (BAECs) were confluently cultured was mounted together with a silicone rubber gasket to a lower PMMA plate. Flow shear stress was imposed on BAECs by circulating 1% PBS maintained at 37°C in reservoir by using pump.
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FIG 3. Phase-contrast micrograph of BAECs on PS surface patterned by ion implantation (original magnification, x100; diameter of a circle, 100 µm).
A, Day 1, no endothelial proliferation was observed on either protein-coated only (area A) or ion-implanted protein-coated (area B) surface.
B, Day 5, areas A and B demonstrated uniform proliferation of the BAECs.
C, Day 5, Post-trypsin treatment at 2 hours. Note most of BAECs were strongly attached on the ion-implanted circular area. Almost no BAECs were observed on surface coated with collagen only.
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FIG 4. Scanning electron micrograph of BAECs on platinum plate patterned by ion implantation. (Note morphologic deformity of cells owing to effect of trypsin and glutaraldehyde.)
A, Day 5, areas A and B demonstrated uniform proliferation of BAECs.
B and C, Note strong BAEC adhesion only on circular ion-implanted protein-coated areas (original magnification, x100 [for B]; x400 [for C]).
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FIG 5. Sequential changes in number of endothelial cells exposed to flow shear stress: 30 min (P < .001), 45 min (P < .001), 60 min (P < .05), 90 min (P < .01), 150 min (P < .05), 180 min (P = .1488).
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FIG 6. Transmission electron micrograph of BAECs on polystyrene dish. Both simple collagen-coated surface and collagen-coated ion-implanted surface demonstrate BAECs attachment.
A, Note thickness of coated collagen on simple coating surface (large arrow). Detachment of cell-collagen complex may appear to occur from interface between coated collagen and PS surface (small arrow).
B, On the other hand, direct cell adhesion was observed on ion-implanted collagen-coated PS surface.
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