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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Microdroplet Tracking Using Biplane Digital Subtraction Angiography for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Blood Flow Path and Velocity Determinations

Stephen Rudin^,a, Ajay K. Wakhloo^a, Baruch B. Lieber^a, William Granger^a, Afshin A. Divani^a, Daniel R. Bednarek^a and Leo N. Hopkins^a

^a From the Departments of Radiology (S.R., D.R.B., L.N.H.), Neurosurgery (S.R., A.K.W., B.B.L., D.R.B., L.N.H.), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (B.B.L., A.A.D.), and Biophysical Sciences, Toshiba Stroke Research Center, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (S.R., W.G., D.R.B.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York; and Erie County Medical Center and Millard Fillmore Hospitals, Buffalo, NY.

View larger version (167K): [in a new window]   FIG 1. Vertebral injection DSA using Optiray soluble contrast material: lateral view of arterial phase with technique parameters of 86 kVp, 320 mA, 23 milliseconds at 2.5 fps, 10242 x 10 bit images. Arrow indicates AVM

View larger version (219K): [in a new window]   FIG 2. A–D, Superselective 15 fps DSA sequence of Ethiodol insoluble contrast medium shows transition from arteriovenous fistulas of the AVM to venous drainage: lateral view at 80 kVp, 400 mA, 4 milliseconds. Long arrow indicates droplet 1; short arrow, droplet 2

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   FIG 3. A–C, Plots of the paths of three droplets: A, anteroposterior; B, lateral; C, 3D-rendered view

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   FIG 4. A–C, Plot of absolute velocity as a function of the time from catheter emission for each of three droplets with letter labels indicating approximately similar locations (see text): A, leading droplet; B, second droplet; C, trailing, or third, droplet