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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Cerebral Blood Flow–Related SignalChanges during Breath-Holding

Andreas Kastrup^,a, Tie-Qiang Li^a, Gary H. Glover^a and Michael E. Moseley^a

^a From the Department of Radiology, Lucas MRS Center, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA 94305.

View larger version (117K): [in a new window]   FIG 1. FAIR maps of blood flow–related signal changes for a typical subject during repeated challenges of breath-holding for 40 seconds after inspiration (top) and for 30 seconds after expiration (bottom). The maps were generated by cross-correlation analysis with a boxcar reference waveform (correlation coefficients exceeding 0.41; P < .01) and a minimal cluster size of 5 pixels superimposed onto T1-weighted images. Areas of significant CBF-related signal changes during breath-holding are found mainly in gray matter.

View larger version (55K): [in a new window]   FIG 2. Time courses of the signal intensity changes of the subtraction FAIR images as well as the calculated relative rCBF changes in the same subject as in figure 1 during repeated challenges of breath-holding for 40 seconds after inspiration (A and B) and for 30 seconds after expiration (C and D). Notably, breath-holding after expiration yielded an immediate rCBF increase (arrow, D), whereas rCBF declined initially during breath-holding after inspiration (arrow, B). Owing to transient periods of hyperventilation, blood flow–related signal changes typically went below baseline after breathing resumed