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Intraspinal Extradural Cysts Communicating with Adjacent Herniated Disks: Imaging Characteristics and Possible Pathogenesis

Kinuko Konoa, Hiroaki Nakamuraa, Yuichi Inouea, Terue Okamuraa, Miyuki Shakudoa and Ryusaku Yamadaa

a From the Departments of Radiology (K.K., Y.I., T.O., M.S., R.Y.) and Orthopedics (H.N.), Osaka City University Medical School, 1–5–7 Asahimachi, Abeno, Osaka 545–8585 Japan.



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FIG 1. ;t1Case 1: Disk cyst.

A, Sagittal T1-weighted image (right paramedian). A small L3-L4 herniated disk is seen (black arrowhead). Just below the herniated disk, a cystic mass is depicted with homogeneous low signal intensity.

B, Sagittal T2-weighted image (right paramedian). The cystic mass delineates homogeneous high intensity. The small L3-L4 herniated disk is just above the cyst.

C, Axial T1-weighted image at the cranial portion of the L4 level. Signal intensity of the cystic mass is equal to that of CSF.

D, Axial T2-weighted image at the cranial portion of the L4 level (same level as that shown in C). The cystic lesion displaces the dural sac dorsomedially. Erosion of the posterior margin of the L4 vertebral body (small arrows) is seen.

E, Enhanced sagittal T1-weighted image. The cyst shows rim enhancement.

F, Enhanced axial T1-weighted image (same level as that shown in C) shows rim enhancement of the cyst.

G, CT scan at L3-L4 after diskography. The contrast material is present in the L3-L4 disk (arrows).

H, CT scan at L4 after diskography. The contrast material spills out of the disk space and accumulates at the right dorsal aspect of the upper L4 body level (white arrows), corresponding to the cyst seen on the MR image.

I, Histologic section of the cyst wall (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, x 25). The cyst wall is composed of fibrous connective tissue without synovial cells or hemosiderin. Vascular proliferation (arrows) and a few lymphocytes (black arrowheads) are seen.



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FIG 2. ;t1Case 2: Disk cyst.

A, Sagittal T1-weighted image (right paramedian). A small herniated L4-L5 disk is seen (large white arrow). Just below the herniated disk, a cystic mass is visible.

B, Axial T2-weighted image just below the L4-L5 level. A cystic mass is present in the right anterior extradural space. The dural sac is slightly deformed by this mass. Mild erosion of the right posterior bony wall of L4 is seen (white arrows). The lesion is nearly isointense with CSF.

C, Enhanced axial T1-weighted image (same level as that shown in fig 2B). The mass exhibits rim enhancement.

D, CT diskography at the L4-L5 level depicts water-soluble iodine contrast material in the L4-L5 disk (arrows).

E, CT diskography at the L5 level. Contrast material spills over and accumulates in the right anterior epidural space (white arrowheads).



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FIG 3. Illustration of proposed mechanism of disk cyst formation.

A, Herniated disk (H) develops.

B, Fluid is generated by the herniated disk material (arrow). The dotted line indicates a pseudomembrane.

C, Relation of the herniated disk and a disk cyst. The hatched area indicates a disk cyst. The interruption of the disk cyst wall indicates the communication between the cyst and herniated disk.

(S, midline septum; D, dural sac; P, posterior longitudinal ligament.)