Dyslexic Children Have Abnormal Brain Lactate Response to Reading-Related Language Tasks
Todd L. Richards
,a,
Stephen R. Dagera,
David Corinaa,
Sandra Serafinia,
Aaron C. Heidea,
Keith Steurya,
Wayne Straussa,
Cecil E. Hayesa,
Robert D. Abbotta,
Suzanne Crafta,
Dennis Shawa,
Stefan Possea and
Virginia W. Berningera
a From the Departments of Radiology (T.L.R., S.R.D., A.C.H., C.E.H., D.S.), Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (S.R.D., S.C.), Psychology (D.C., K.S.), Speech and Hearing Sciences (S.S.), Bioengineering (T.L.R., S.R.D., W.S.), and the College of Education (R.D.A., V.W.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound, Seattle (S.C.); and the Institut fur Medicine, Forschungszentrum, Julich GmbH, D-52425, Germany (S.P.).
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FIG 1. Bar graphs show number of activated voxels (as defined by MR spectroscopic lactate increases) in the four quadrants of the brain for both dyslexic and control children.
A–C, Graphs of phonological task data (A), lexical access task (B), and tone task (C). (Error bars are standard error of the mean; asterisk indicates dyslexic versus control comparisons that were significantly different).
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FIG 2. MR image and proton spectra from an activated brain region of one dyslexic subject.
A, MR image with white box indicating the brain region measured with MR spectroscopy.
B, Proton MR spectrum from the white box brain region during the passive listening task.
C, Proton MR spectrum from the white box brain region during the phonological task. The intensity axis of the spectra is scaled so that the lactate can be seen easier; however, choline (Cho) and NAA are scaled off the figure. Note the increase in the lactate peaks during the phonological task as compared with passive listening.
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