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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Visualization of Intravenously Administered Contrast Material in the CSF on Fluid-AttenuatedInversion-Recovery MR Images: An In Vitro and Animal-Model Investigation

Alexander C. Mamourian^,a, P. Jack Hoopes^a and Lionel D. Lewis^a

^a From the Departments of Radiology (A.C.M.), Pathology (P.J.H.), and Clinical Pharmacology (L.D.L.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.

View larger version (306K): [in a new window]   FIG. 1. A–E, Axial contrast-enhanced FLAIR images (A) (TR/TEeff/excitations = 10,002/158.8/1, TI = 2200; 5-mm-thick sections) show linear increased signal in several sulci over both convexities. Corresponding T1-weighted images (B) show no analogous abnormality. Coronal FLAIR image (C) (10,002/158.8/1, TI = 2200) obtained 6 hours after the axial image shows hyperintense CSF in sulci over both hemispheres (arrows). An unenhanced CT scan (D) was normal. Follow-up FLAIR image 2 days later (E) was also normal

View larger version (167K): [in a new window]   FIG. 2. A and B, Noncontrast FLAIR image (A) shows the expected dark cortical sulci over the frontal convexity. Contrast-enhanced FLAIR image (B) 15 minutes after injection of a triple dose of contrast material shows high signal in multiple sulci, most consistent with contrast effects

View larger version (110K): [in a new window]   FIG. 3. A and B, Sagittal FLAIR image (A) (10,007/189, TI = 2200; 5-mm-thick sections) in dog 2 immediately after injection of contrast agent (0.1 mmol/kg) reveals the expected low signal intensity of CSF in the fourth ventricle (arrow). Sagittal FLAIR image 30 minutes after contrast administration (B) shows that the CSF in the fourth ventricle is now isointense with surrounding brain (arrow)

View larger version (76K): [in a new window]   FIG. 4. A–C, Sagittal T1-weighted image (A) (550/15/1) obtained 6 hours after IV contrast administration (0.3 mmol/kg) shows the expected low-signal CSF in the cingulate sulcus (arrow). Sagittal FLAIR image (B), also obtained 6 hours after triple-dose contrast injection, shows abnormal high signal in the premedullary cistern (black arrow) as well as the cingulate sulcus (white arrow). The abnormal CSF signal on the coronal FLAIR image (C) is striking in the occipital sulci (arrows)

View larger version (172K): [in a new window]   FIG. 5. A and B, Images of the phantom obtained with FLAIR (10,000/154, TI = 1630) (A) and T1-weighted (400/16/1) (B) techniques. The lower tubes contain increasing dilutions of gadodiamide. There are more bright tubes in the lower two rows (lowest concentrations of contrast material) on the FLAIR image than on the T1-weighted image.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   FIG. 6. Graph shows the effect of varying the concentrations of contrast material (range, 0.000001 to 0.5 mM) on the mean FLAIR and T1 signal intensity in the test tube phantom. The error bars represent +ISD and the data are from two separate experiments.