Quantitation of Flow in the Superior Sagittal Sinus Performed with Cine Phase-contrast MR Imaging of Healthy and Achondroplastic Children
Norio Hirabuki
,a,
Yoshiyuki Watanabea,
Toshiyuki Manoa,
Norihiko Fujitaa,
Hisashi Tanakaa,
Takashi Ueguchia and
Hironobu Nakamuraa
a From the Departments of Radiology (N.H., Y.W., N.F., H.T., T.U., H.N.) and Pediatrics (T.M.), Osaka University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
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FIG 1. Illustration of flow measurement in the SSS.
A, Slice plane to obtain velocity and magnitude images was placed just above the confluens sinuum and perpendicular to the SSS on a midsagittal T1-weighted image (33/24/2 [TR/TE/excitations]; 20° flip angle).
B, An ROI was manually drawn outlining the SSS on the magnitude images (35/12/2; 20° flip angle). In addition, a background ROI to correct flow velocity was placed in one of the occipital lobes, avoiding vessels and CSF.
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FIG 2. Flow rate in the SSS plotted against age. The hatched area corresponds to the interval defined by the reference values plus or minus 1 standard deviation, obtained with a five-point smoothing of data of healthy children (the discontinuity at 8 years can be attributed to the fact that the data of groups with and without sedation were processed independently). Flow rate rapidly increased during the first 2 years and reached a peak by 6 to 8 years of age. Thereafter it gradually decreased.
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FIG 3. Flow velocity in the SSS plotted against age. The hatched area corresponds to the interval defined by the reference values plus or minus 1 standard deviation, obtained with a five-point smoothing of data of healthy children (the data of the groups with and without sedation were processed independently). Flow velocity showed a similar pattern as flow rate, but was relatively constant
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