Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced Carotid MR Angiography Using Sensitivity Encoding (SENSE)
Xavier Golaya,
Stephen J. Browna,
Ryuta Itoha and
Elias R. Melhema
a From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions and the F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy-Krieger Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD.
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FIG 1. 87-year-old woman with arteriosclerotic disease in both common carotid arteries.
A, Oblique-projection catheter DSA image of the right common carotid artery demonstrates atheromatous plaque at the bifurcation, with ulceration and severe stenosis at the origin of the internal carotid artery.
B, Corresponding MIPs obtained from the contrast-enhanced MR angiogram (TR/TE/flip angle: 4.9/2.4/35°) adequately demonstrate the stenosis and the ulceration.
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FIG 2. 26-year-old healthy volunteer.
A and B, MIPs before (A) and after (B) the SENSE reconstruction of the contrast-enhanced MR agiography (TR/TE/flip angle: 4.9/2.4/35°) data. Before SENSE reconstruction, there is aliasing artifact affecting the periphery of the FOV, resulting in overlap of the arteries and veins. After SENSE reconstruction, the aliasing is resolved and the vessels are adequately demonstrated (B). The arrowheads and arrows demonstrate the unfolding of the right and left subclavian arteries, respectively.
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FIG 3. 26-year-old healthy volunteer.
A–C, MIPs of three consecutive 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography (TR/TE/flip angle: 4.9/2.4/35°) dynamic acquisitions demonstrate three different phases of the contrast bolus flowing through the neck vessels: mask (A), arterial phase (B), and mixed arterial and venous phase (C).
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