Gray Matter N-Acetyl Aspartate Deficits in Secondary Progressive but Not Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Elfar Adalsteinssona,
Annette Langer-Gouldb,
Ronald J. Homera,
Archana Raoa,
Edith V. Sullivanc,
Christiane Abbehusen Limaa,
Adolf Pfefferbaumc,d and
Scott W. Atlasa
a Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
b Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
d Neuroscience Program, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA

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FIG 1. Example of nine axial sections used in quantification of metabolites (NAA images, top) and lesions (FLAIR images, bottom).
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FIG 2. Group means and individual data of NAA concentrations in GM and WM in controls, RRMS, and SPMS.
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