Cognitive Impairment in Children with Hemoglobin SS Sickle Cell Disease: Relationship to MR Imaging Findings and Hematocrit
R. Grant Steena,
Mark A. Milesb,
Kathleen J. Heltona,
Susan Strawnc,
Winfred Wangc,
Xiaoping Xiongd and
Raymond K. Mulhernb
a Departments of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
b Behavioral Medicine, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
c Hematology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
d Biostatistics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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FIG 1. Range of abnormalities shown by MR images of young patients with hemoglobin SS sickle cell disease.
A, T1-weighted MR image of a 4.3-year-old boy with bilateral lacunae in the centrum semiovale and paraventricular white matter. Image section is 3 cm thick. Image shows multiple lacunae, the largest of which is approximately 7 mm in diameter.
B, T1-weighted MR image of a 5.0-year-old girl with multiple small bilateral white matter lacunae in the centrum semiovale and the corona radiata. Image section is 3 cm thick. Image shows several lacunae, the largest of which is approximately 7 mm in diameter.
C, T1-weighted MR image of a 5.4-year-old boy with bilateral lacunar infarcts involving both frontal lobes and the centrum semiovale on both sides. Image section is 3 cm thick. Image shows two lacunae, the largest of which is approximately 6 mm in diameter.
D, Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image of an 8.4-year-old boy with bilateral leukoencephalopathy in the centrum semiovale. Image section is 3 cm thick. Image shows abnormally high signal intensity. Because fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images null signal intensity from CSF, this is not a partial volume effect from the ventricle.
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