Hydroxyapatite Ceramics As a Particulate Embolic Material: Report of the Physical Properties of the Hydroxyapatite Particles and the Animal Study
Michiya Kuboa,
Naoya Kuwayamaa,
Yutaka Hirashimaa,
Akira Takakua,
Tetsuro Ogawab and
Shunro Endoa
a Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan
b New Ceramics Division, Life Care Business Headquarters, PENTAX Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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FIG 1. Scanning electron microscopic image shows the oval shape of hydroxyapatite ceramic microparticles. Surface has microporous structure with no spine (original magnification, x300).
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FIG 2. Visibility of the suspension of hydroxyapatite ceramic microparticles in 80% contrast media (left) is comparatively superior to that of polyvinyl alcohol particles of the same size (right) contained in the 1.0-mL graded syringes.
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FIG 3. Selective right renal arterial angiogram of a rabbit.
A, Before embolization.
B, Immediately after embolization with hydroxyapatite microparticles. The renal artery is occluded with hydroxyapatite microparticles after embolization.
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FIG 4. Twenty-four weeks after embolization, persistent occlusion of the embolized right renal artery can be seen. The right kidney seems to have atrophic change.
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FIG 5. Photomicrographs.
A, Three weeks after embolization, kidney shows hydroxyapatite microparticles (arrow) reaching the peripheral renal medullary arteries of approximately 200 µm in diameter. No arterial wall necrosis, extraluminal migration, or hemorrhagic changes are found. Several small round cells can be seen in the thrombus (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, x100).
B, Histologic findings in larger arteries are nearly the same as those in smaller vessels (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, x100).
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