Functional MR Imaging Study of Language-Related Differences in Bilingual Cerebellar Activation
Jay J. Pillaia,
Jerry D. Allisona,
Sankar Sethuramanc,
Julio M. Araquea,
Dharma Thiruvaiyaruc,
Claro B. Isona,
David W. Loringb and
Thomas Lavina
a Department of Radiology, the Medical College of Georgia
b Department of Neurology, the Medical College of Georgia
c Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Augusta State University, GA
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FIG 1. Four sets of orthogonal SPM99 glass-brain MIP images depict the normalized group-averaged results of all eight individuals (P = .001, 10-voxel clustering threshold). On the coronal images, the left side represents the left hemisphere. On the axial images, the left side is posterior, and the lower half represents the right hemisphere.
A, Spanish noun-verb task subtracted from the English noun-verb task.
B, Spanish phonological task subtracted from the English phonological task.
C, English noun-verb task subtracted from the Spanish noun-verb task.
D, English phonological task subtracted from the Spanish phonological task.
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FIG 2. Combined (phonological and noun-verb) task subtractions. Orthogonal glass-brain MIP images display group-averaged normalized results (P < .001, 10-voxel clustering threshold).
A, English minus Spanish.
B, Spanish minus English.
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FIG 3. Group-averaged normalized data for all eight subjects. Activated voxels are overlaid on standard T1-weighted axial anatomic images, which demonstrate the difference in lateralization between the tasks, with greater left lateralization in the English task. The datasets were normalized to the standard MNI space within SPM99. Top row, Spanish noun-verb task. Bottom row, English noun-verb task.
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FIG 4. Combined tasks. These results are essentially based on a single sample t test based on a consideration of individual normalized data for each of the two tasks (P < .001 with 10-voxel clustering).
A, Combined English tasks versus control.
B, Combined Spanish tasks versus control.
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FIG 5. Anatomic MPRAGE images show the functional data overlays on the anatomic sections through the cerebellum. The results from Figure 4A (top) and B (bottom) are depicted. The right side of each image is the anatomic left side, and the left side of each image, the anatomic right side.
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FIG 6. Anatomic overlays of the group-averaged normalized combined English task and combined Spanish task functional data on supratentorial anatomic MPRAGE sections. Functional data from Figure 5 are shown (P < .001 with 10 voxel clustering).
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