Acute and Chronic Swine Rete Arteriovenous Malformation Models: Hemodynamics and Vascular Remodeling
A. K. Wakhlooa,b,
B. B. Liebera,b,
R. Siekmannc,
D. J. Ebera and
M. J. Gounisa,b
a Center for Neuroendovascular Surgery and Stroke Research, Department of Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL
b Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL
c Department of Neuroradiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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FIG 1. Illustration of the perfusion apparatus used in the chronic swine AVM model.
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FIG 2. A, High-resolution radiograph of a rete in the chronic swine AVM model embolized with a 50/50 + 20 µL acrylate mixture (NBCA/Lipiodol/glacial acetic acid). Red line indicates the area of cross-section for histology.
B, Corresponding histology (hematoxylin-eosin stain) for vessel measurements shows most of the arteries of the rete network filled with acrylate mixture (arrow).
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FIG 3. Vessel diameters of nontreated swine retia (controls).
A, Schematic of a rete with section lines demarcating sectors for vessel measurements (AP, ascending pharyngeal artery; CCA, common carotid artery).
B, Graph shows the corresponding vessel diameters in each region for a 35-kg (diamonds) and 100-kg (squares) swine. Error bars indicate the standard error of mean.
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