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Cerebellar Atrophy after Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

G.K. Spanosa, E.A. Wildeb, E.D. Biglerc,d,e, H.B. Cleavingerf, M.A. Fearingc,g, H.S. Levinb, X. Lib and J.V. Huntera

a Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
b Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
c Departments of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
d Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
e Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
f Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Medical School, West Lebanon, NH
g Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Boston VA Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass


Figure 1
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Fig 1. Bar graphs representing group differences in white matter volume (A) and gray matter volume (B) between typically developing children and those with TBI.


Figure 2
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Fig 2. Scatterplot illustrating relation between total cerebellar white matter volume and lateral frontal white matter volume.


Figure 3
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Fig 3. Cerebrocerebellar connections illustrating the relation between volumes in structures within the afferent pathway (cerebellothalamocortical structures connected by arrows with double lines) and the efferent pathway (corticopontocerebellar structures connected by arrows with solid lines). The relation between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum is indicated by arrows with dotted lines. ns indicates statistically not significant (P > 0.05).


Figure 4
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Fig 4. T1WI sagittal (A), T2WI axial (B), and T1WI coronal (C) images of the cerebellum from a 16-year-old boy with TBI (initial GCS = 3) and a TD child of comparable age and sex (DF). The child with TBI has diffuse cerebellar atrophy and increased CSF within the cerebellar folia that can be noted in all planes.