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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Shape Mapping of the Hippocampus in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

S.R. Dager^a,b,c, L. Wang^f, S.D. Friedman^a, D.W. Shaw^a, J.N. Constantino^g, A.A. Artru^d, G. Dawson^e and J.G. Csernansky^g,h

^a Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
^b Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
^c Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
^d Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
^e Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
^f Department of Electrical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo
^g Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo
^h Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 1. The left column (A and B) shows the group difference between the average hippocampal surfaces of the typically developing and ASD groups. The deformation from typically developing to ASD is painted as a flame scale (shown on the right of figure) onto the average surface of the typically developing group with inward deformation in cooler colors and outward deformation in warmer colors. The middle column (C and D) shows the group difference as reconstructed by using eigenvectors 2, 1, and 3 (in that order), selected on the basis of logistic regression analysis to best discriminate children with ASD and typically developing children. The right column (E and F) shows the group difference as reconstructed by using only eigenvector 2, the single eigenvector found to best distinguish between diagnostic groups. The similarity between the pattern of hippocampal shape deformity indicated by the empiric group difference (A and B) and the eigenvector reconstructions demonstrates how the eigenvector shape metrics represent group shape variation

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 2. The left column (A and B) shows the group difference between the average hippocampal surfaces of the PDD-NOS group and children with AD (subgroups of the ASD group). The deformation from PDD-NOS to AD is painted as a flame scale (shown on the right of figure) onto the average surface of the PDD-NOS group with inward deformation in cooler colors and outward deformation in warmer colors. The right column (C and D) shows the group difference as reconstructed by using eigenvector 2, selected on the basis of logistic regression analysis to best discriminate children with AD from children with PDD-NOS. In comparison with Fig 1 (E and F), a similar pattern of shape deformation between children with AD and those with PDD-NOS illustrates the accentuation of characteristic ASD hippocampal-shape differences by the more severely affected children with AD.