Visualization of Intracerebral Arteries by Synchrotron Radiation Microangiography
K. Myojina,c,
A. Taguchia,
K. Umetanid,
K. Fukushimab,
N. Nishiurab,
T. Matsuyamae,
H. Kimuraf,
D.M. Sterng,
Y. Imaic and
H. Morib
a Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
b Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
c Department of Radiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
d Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
e Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
f Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan
g Dean's Office, College of Medicine, Cincinnati University, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Fig 1. Schematic depiction of the monochromatic SR system. A, Illustration of the experimental arrangement for SR microangiography at BL28B2. B, Photon mass attenuation coefficient of barium (blue line) and liquid water (red line). Monochromatic x-ray energy is adjusted to 37.5 keV, just above the barium K-edge energy to produce the highest contrast image.
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Fig 2. Angiographic image of mouse cerebral artery. A, Macroimage of the right brain hemisphere. The cerebral arteries (arrows), but not cerebral veins, are filled with the barium sulfate. B, Cerebral microangiogram (90° caudal projection) with a mammographic soft x-ray machine. Mammography enables visualization of small cerebral arteries and penetrating intracerebral arteries, but the image is not sufficient to evaluate pathologic changes. C and D, Cerebral angiograms obtained by SR. Note that small cerebral vessels, including penetrating intracerebral arteries, are clearly visualized. Microvascular structures, such as orthogonal branching of penetrating intracerebral arteries from the cortical artery, are clearly observed by the enlarged SR imaging (D). E, Coronal section of a cerebral microangiogram. Two distinct penetrating intracerebral arteries, superficial penetrating arteries and deep penetrating arteries (arrow), are clearly observed by the SR image. Scale bars: 1 mm (A and B), 0.5 mm (C and E), and 250 µm (D).
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Fig 3. A and B, Brain images after cerebral infarction. Induction of cortical cerebral infarction without hemorrhage is confirmed by MR T2-weighted images (A) and T1-weighted images (B) on day 2 after induction of stroke. C–G, Vascular structure 9 days after cerebral infarction. Compared with the contralateral nonischemic hemisphere (C), remarkable atrophic changes are observed in the ischemic hemisphere (E). With SR images, in contrast to the nonischemic side (D), degradative changes in penetrating intracerebral arteries are observed on the ischemic side, though surface branches of the MCA are still visualized (F). In coronal sections of cerebral SR microangiograms (G), compared with the contralateral nonischemic hemisphere, penetrating intracerebral arteries are scarcely visualized in the ipsilateral ischemic hemisphere (ie, the latter appeared as an apparently "avascular area"). Scale bars: 1 mm (C and E), 500 µm (D and F), and 2 mm (G).
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