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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

Published ahead of print on September 10, 2008
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1256

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Functional Connectivity MR Imaging Reveals Cortical Functional Connectivity in the Developing Brain

W. Lin^a, Q. Zhu^d, W. Gao^b, Y. Chen^a, C.-H. Toh^e, M. Styner^c, G. Gerig^f, J.K. Smith^a, B. Biswal^g and J.H. Gilmore^c

^a Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
^b Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
^c Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
^d Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC
^e Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
^f Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, Utah University, Salt Lake City, Utah
^g Department of Radiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ

View larger version (34K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 1. A and B, The anatomic locations for defining the sensorimotor and visual areas are shown, respectively. The crosses, filled circles, squares, asterisks, left triangles, and right triangles represent the right motor, right sensory, left motor, left sensory, left visual, and right visual cortices, respectively. C and D, Representative processed MR signals at the sensorimotor and visual areas by using the approaches outlined in the "Materials and Methods" section for a neonate (upper row) and 1- (middle row) and 2-year-old (bottom row) children are shown, respectively. E and F, The percent signal intensity difference between the maximum and minimum signals for the sensorimotor and visual areas are shown for each age group. The error bars represent the SDs. max indicates maximum; s, second; wk, week; yr, year.

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 2. The averaged group results demonstrate the brain regions exhibiting rfc when the right and left sensorimotor regions of interest are used to obtain the reference functions for correlation analysis and are superimposed on the brain surface for neonates and the 1- and 2-year-old groups. The color bar represents the z-score values. L indicates left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere; wk, week; yr, year.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 3. The averaged group results demonstrate the brain regions exhibiting rfc when the right and left visual regions of interest are used to obtain the reference functions for correlation analysis and are superimposed on the brain surface for neonates and the 1- and 2-year-old groups. The color bar represents the z-score values. L indicates left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere; wk, week; yr, year.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 4. Quantitative comparisons of the percent brain volume exhibiting rfc (A and B) and the z-score values (C and D) and histograms (E and F) for the 3 age groups at both the sensorimotor and visual areas are shown. A–D, The error bars represent the SDs. E and F, The y-axes represent the normalized populations. yr indicates year; wk, week.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 5. A comparison of 2 different TRs for obtaining rfc at the sensorimotor area is shown. The left and right sensorimotor regions of interest are used to obtain the reference functions for correlation analysis for both TRs. The color bar represents the z-score values. L indicates left hemisphere; R, right hemisphere; wk, week; yr, year.