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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

Published ahead of print on August 7, 2008
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1241

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High b-Value Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Neonatal Brain at 3T

J. Dudink^a,c,d, D.J. Larkman^a,d, O. Kapellou^a,b,d, J.P. Boardman^a,b,d, J.M. Allsop^a,d, F.M. Cowan^a,b,d, J.V. Hajnal^a,d, A.D. Edwards^a,b,d, M.A. Rutherford^a,b,d and S.J. Counsell^a,d

^a Imaging Sciences Department, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
^b Department of Paediatrics, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
^c Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
^d Hammersmith/St. Mary's Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom

View larger version (7K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 1. A, Graph demonstrating ADC value versus b-value in a spherical DMSO phantom. B, Graph demonstrating FA value versus b-value in a spherical DMSO phantom.

View larger version (103K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 2. Isotropic DWI at the level of the basal ganglia in an infant (infant 3) who has no evidence of abnormality on conventional or DWI (i, b = 3000 s/mm2; ii, b = 1500 s/mm2; iii, b = 700 s/mm2; iv, b = 350 s/mm2).

View larger version (59K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 3. A, Isotropic DWIs demonstrating a left middle cerebral infarct in a term born infant (infant 4) and abnormal signal intensity in the left posterior limb of the internal capsule and left thalamus (arrow) (i, b = 3000 s/mm2; ii, b = 1500 s/mm2; iii, b = 700 s/mm2; iv, b = 350 s/mm2). B, Isotropic DWIs demonstrating wallerian degeneration in the corticospinal tracts of the left mesencephalon (arrow). Susceptibility artifact appears reduced on the higher b-value isotropic DWIs, thereby allowing the infarct in the left temporal lobe to be more clearly visualized (arrowhead) (i, b = 3000 s/mm2; ii, b = 1500 s/mm2; iii, b = 700 s/mm2; iv, b = 350 s/mm2).

View larger version (90K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 4. Isotropic DWIs in a term-born infant with a left-sided middle cerebral artery infarction (infant 11) at 4 weeks of age demonstrating residual abnormal high signal intensity in the posterior limb of the internal capsule on the left on the b = 3000 s/mm2 isotropic DWI (arrow), not demonstrated on the images obtained at lower b-values. T2 shinethrough in the region of the infarct is reduced at high b-values (i, b = 3000 s/mm2; ii, b = 1500 s/mm2; iii, b = 700 s/mm2; iv, b = 350 s/mm2).

View larger version (107K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 5. Isotropic DWI at the level of the basal ganglia in a term-born infant who had a history of perinatal asphyxia (infant 17). Lesions in the basal ganglia and in the mesencephalon are visualized on the isotropic DWIs obtained at b = 3000 and b = 1500, which are not seen at lower b-values (i, b = 3000 s/mm2; ii, b = 1500 s/mm2; iii, b = 700 s/mm2; iv, b = 350 s/mm2).

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 6. Graph demonstrating contrast ratios between adjacent tissues on isotropic DWIs of an infant whose conventional and DWI appear normal (infant 3) and between areas of abnormal signal intensity and adjacent tissues on isotropic DWIs (infant 4).

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 7. Graph demonstrating ADC (closed shapes) and FA (open shapes) values versus b-value for an infant whose conventional and DWI appear normal (infant 3).