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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

Published ahead of print on December 7, 2007
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A0860

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Identification of the Normal Jugular Foramen and Lower Cranial Nerve Anatomy: Contrast-Enhanced 3D Fast Imaging Employing Steady-State Acquisition MR Imaging

I. Davagnanam^a and S.V. Chavda^a

^a From the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

View larger version (69K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 1. Axial postcontrast FIESTA acquisition through the jugular foramen (A) and a diagrammatic representation of the corresponding axial section (B) (adapted from Leblanc A. The Cranial Nerves: Anatomy-Imaging-Vascularization. 2nd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1996) showing the following: opacified internal jugular vein (IJV), internal carotid artery (IC), jugular ligament (JL), petro-occipital ligament (PL), and division of the pars nervosa (PN) from the pars vascularis (PV).

View larger version (49K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 2. Axial pre- (A) and postgadolinium (B) FIESTA acquisitions showing the length of the vagus nerve (X) bilaterally. The images were windowed at comparable levels (C:3886, W:12,502) demonstrating the effect of enhancement of the venous plexus adjacent to the intraforaminal segment of the cranial nerves (arrowheads).

View larger version (128K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 3. Postgadolinium FIESTA acquisitions reformatted in the following planes: the coronal-oblique plane demonstrating the spinal roots of the accessory nerve (XI) (A, white arrowheads); the sagittal-oblique plane demonstrating the intraforaminal segments (B, white arrows) of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), cranial accessory (XI), and spinal accessory (XI*) nerves adjacent to the opacified jugular vein (JV); the coronal-oblique plane demonstrating a left vestibular schwannoma (AS) of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) and the intraforaminal segments (C, white arrowheads) of the glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and cranial accessory (XI) nerves adjacent to the opacified jugular vein (JV); and the coronal-oblique plane demonstrating the cisternal course (D, black arrow) and intracanalicular segment (D, white arrowhead) of the hypoglossal nerve (XII).