Morphometric Changes in the Episodic Memory Network and Tau Pathologic Features Correlate with Memory Performance in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
A.M. Fjella,
K.B. Walhovda,
I. Amliena,
A. Bjørnerudb,c,
I. Reinvanga,
L. Gjerstadd,
T. Cappelene,
F. Willochf,
P. Due-Tønnessenc,
R. Grambaiteg,
A. Skinningsrudh,
V. Stensetg and
T. Fladbyg
a Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
b Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
c Department of Radiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
d Department of Neurology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
e Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
f Department of Radiology, Aker University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
g Department of Neurology Faculty Division, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
h Clinical Chemistry and Nuclear Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
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Fig 1. Hippocampal volume in patients with MCI versus controls. Hippocampal volume is calculated as the total volume of the right and left hippocampus and regressed on ICV. The standardized residuals are shown on the y-axis (z-scores). The patients are grouped according to whether they have pathologic (MCI pat CSF) or nonpathologic (MCI no CSF) values of tau or Aβ42. The blue-dotted lines indicate the mean value for each group. Independent samples t tests (Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons) showed that the patients with pathologic CSF biomarkers had significantly smaller hippocampal volume than the controls, whereas the other contrasts did not reach significance.
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Fig 2. Effects of diagnosis on cortical thickness. Points where patients with MCI have a significantly thinner cortex than normal controls are color coded as blue-green, whereas points showing the opposite pattern are coded as red-yellow. The P maps are projected onto the inflated mean brain of the total sample. From left to right is shown the right and left lateral view, and left and right medial view, respectively.
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Fig 3. Scatterplots of cortical thickness in patients versus controls. ROIs were chosen on the basis of the results from the cortical thickness comparisons. The ROIs are defined by the red lines. Mean thickness for each participant within each ROI was calculated.
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Fig 4. Distribution of P values. This figure shows the number of voxels for any given P value from the cortical comparisons illustrated in Fig 2. The left side of each chart (blue-green colors) represents a thicker cortex in healthy controls; the right side (red-yellow colors) represents a thicker cortex in the patients. As can be seen, the distribution of P values is shifted to the left, with almost no voxels to the right of the midline (indicating thicker cortex for patients). This shows clearly that the patients have a thinner cortex than the healthy controls and that it is very unlikely that this is a result of false-positives from multiple statistical comparisons.
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Fig 5. Relationships between tau pathologic features and brain morphometry. Hippocampal volume and mean thickness in left hemisphere entorhinal ROI compared across groups of pathologic (pato) versus nonpathologic (norm) T-tau or P-tau values.
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Fig 6. Relationships between cortical thickness and episodic memory. Hippocampal volume/mean thickness in left hemisphere ROIs from Fig 3 and RAVLT learning and 30 minutes delayed recall score. The y-axes depict the number of words recalled, whereas the x-axes depict thickness or ICV-corrected volume.
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