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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

Published ahead of print on January 15, 2009
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1410

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Vulnerable Plaque in a Swine Model of Carotid Atherosclerosis

Z.-S. Shi^a, L. Feng^b, X. He^b, A. Ishii^b, J. Goldstine^b, H.V. Vinters^b and F. Viñuela^b

^a Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
^b Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 1. 3D rotational angiograms of partially ligated carotid arteries. A, Carotid angiogram demonstrates 82% stenosis at the site of partial surgical ligation in the midcervical carotid artery. B, Luminal irregularities are observed 3 months later in the proximal segment, consistent with the development of atherosclerotic plaques. The stenosis at the ligation site remains >70%. Poststenotic dilatation can be seen distal to the ligation, suggesting vessel remodeling.

View larger version (101K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 2. Vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque. A, Low-magnification view of HE-stained sections of an atherosclerotic plaque reveals a thin fibrous cap (between arrowheads) and a necrotic center (asterisk). B, A magnified view of the same plaque shows small intraplaque hemorrhages (arrows). The necrotic center is to the lower left. Strings of red blood cells can also be seen on the left side of the image, representing neovascularity. The basophilic material to the left side of this panel is calcium. The scale bars are equal to 500 µm in A and 200 µm in B.

View larger version (171K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig 3. Distal atheroembolism in rete mirabile. A–D, This small arteriole is completely occluded by a lesion containing foamy macrophages (clear areas) and collagen fibers (eosinophilic in A and brown in D). The internal elastic lamina (black line in B) is intact. There are very few smooth muscle cells in the lumen of the vessel (positive immunostaining in C). A, HE staining. B, van Gieson elastic staining. C, Anti-smooth muscle actin staining. D, Collagen type IV staining. The scale bars are equal to 100 µm.