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FIG 4. An 83-year-old man (patient 4) with a history of aortic dissection, which was surgically repaired 10 years previously, presents with left hemispheric TIAs and episodes of aphasia. Digital subtraction angiography of the left common carotid artery outlines a chronic extensive dissection, with antegrade flow through the true lumen and retrograde flow in the false lumen down to the aorta, by virtue of the Venturi effect at the aortic arch (A, early injection; B, late injection). Two stents were placed in tandem overlapping fashion, followed by postdeployment angioplasty, resulting in a near-complete elimination of the retrograde flow in the now-reduced false lumen (C, D)
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