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FIG 2. Dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect of mannitol on endothelial cells. The kill rates of endothelial cells by various concentrations of mannitol after 15- (white bars) and 30-minute (gray or hatched bars) incubation are shown in this graph. NS, normal saline; M300, 300 mOsm mannitol; M600, 600 mOsm mannitol; M900, 900 mOSm mannitol; M1200, 1200 mOsm mannitol; M/I, 25% mannitol and iohexol mixed at 2 : 1 ratio; I, iohexol alone. A small portion of cell death (8–10 ± 1%) is caused by <900 mOsm mannitol after 15 minutes of incubation. As much as 17 ± 2% of endothelial cells die after 15 minutes of incubation with 1200 mOsm mannitol. When incubated for 30 minutes, the cell death rates are significantly higher for all concentrations of mannitol (P < .01 by t test). Mannitol and iohexol mixture has the highest cell death rate, at 52 ± 1%. Normal saline and iohexol alone have little effect on survival of endothelial cells. The error bars depict standard errors.
