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Fig 2. Flow waveform, Q (t) (based on Ku et al), obtained as a solution to the imposed pressure gradient. At 0.192s diastole ends, followed by peak flow rate at 0.281 s. Maximum amplitude in the secondary flow velocities is achieved during midsystolic deceleration (MSD) at t = 0.305 s. Results of the simulations are shown subsequently at these 3 critical times of the cardiac cycle.
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