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Fig 4. Time-resolved 3D particle trace visualization for a patient with occlusion of the LCA. A, TOF-MRA demonstrating occlusion of the LCA and a small anterior communicating artery (small arrows). B, Arterial filling of the large intracranial vessels for 2 systolic timeframes indicating the absence of flow evolution at the level of the distal left ICA (open white arrows). Blood-flow patterns and systolic filling on the nonoccluded right side are clearly visualized. C and D, Collateral blood flow from right to left via a small anterior communicating artery. C, The emitter plane is localized at the right A1 segment. The crossflow via the small anterior communicating artery to the left A1 segment (arrows) is clearly visible. D, The emitter plane localized in the left A1 segment depicts the retrograde flow direction within that vessel segment.
