American Journal of Neuroradiology 2009;30:479.
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American Journal of Neuroradiology
DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A1396
INTERVENTIONAL
Wall Shear Stress in Intracranial Self-Expanding Stents Studied Using Ultra-High-Resolution 3D Reconstructions
From the Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine (G.B., J.H.), Houston, Tex; Department of Mechanical Engineering (M.I., R.M.), University of Houston, Houston, Tex; and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute (M.V.y.A.), Houston, Tex.
Please address correspondence to Goetz Benndorf, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030; e-mail: benndorf{at}bcm.tmc.edu
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging of intracranial stents is constrained by resolution limits of current clinical imaging techniques providing insufficient visualization of deployment details and impeding its use for computational hemodynamic (CHD) simulations. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether ultra-high-resolution MicroCT scans can illuminate detailed aspects of realistic in vitro stent deployment and serve as a reliable basis for CHD simulations of blood flow through self-expanding intracranial stents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Neuroform Treo (NF) stent and an Enterprise (ENT) stent were deployed in identical straight polytetrafluoroethylene tubes filled with contrast agent. MicroCT scans were obtained at a spatial resolution of 14 µm and used for ultra-high-resolution 3D reconstructions. CHD simulations were performed, with particular emphasis on local flow behavior near the wall and struts. Flow differences between the geometrically different stents were studied.
RESULTS: MicroCT data revealed strut prolapse near the markers for the closed-cell design (ENT) stent and at some of the unconnected vertices of the open-cell design (NF) stent, which also showed some misalignments. CHD simulations showed that reverse wall shear stress occurred near some of the strut vertices and markers for the NF but only near the markers for the ENT.
CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the feasibility of ultra-high-resolution MicroCT imaging in elucidating important details of intracranial stent deployment as a basis for accurate CHD simulations and in enabling a structural and hemodynamic study of realistically deployed stents with different geometry and design.