MR Imaging of Neurocysticercosis

Abstract

Twenty-six patients with neurocysticercosis were studied with MR imaging to correlate their clinical presentation with the location and appearance of their neurocysticercosis lesions. Intraventricular cysts were present in 14 patients (54%), parenchymal cysts were present in 18 (69%), and intraventricular together with parenchymal cysts were present in six (23%). Intraventricular cysts were detected by mass effect, ventricular obstruction, detection of a cyst rim, and/or CSF flow void adjacent to the cyst. The intensity of most intraventricular and parenchymal cysts presumed to be viable was similar to that of CSF on both T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Cysts presumed to be degenerated had increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images, probably resulting from increased protein content. Pericystic high signal intensity surrounding lesions of various ages was seen on both proton-density- and T2-weighted images and represents gliosis, edema, and inflammation. Patients with parenchymal cysts had symptoms of seizures, while those with intraventricular cysts generally had symptoms related to obstructive hydrocephalus. Aqueductal stenosis, seen in 10 patients (38%), was possibly due to ependymal inflammation or adhesions caused by prior ventricular infection by neurocysticercosis. One patient with the racemose form of neurocysticercosis demonstrated abundant cyst wall proliferation resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus. In six patients scanned 1-6 months after oral praziquantel therapy, there was no change in the MR appearance of intraventricular cysts, while some parenchymal cysts showed evidence of degeneration.

We found MR to be useful in detecting the cysts of neurocysticercosis and the accompanying signs of cyst degeneration and pericystic inflammation. MR was inferior to CT in the detection of parenchymal calcifications.