Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

Abstract

Seven patients with spinal epidural abscess were evaluated with MR imaging. T1-weighted images were obtained before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and contrast-enhanced images were compared with available T2-weighted images and unenhanced T1-weighted images. In all seven cases, the epidural infection was iso- to hypointense compared with the spinal cord on unenhanced T1-weighted images, and increased in intensity on proton-density- and T2-weighted images. Three patterns of enhancement were observed after contrast administration. In three patients the infection enhanced homogeneously, likely representing thickened, inflammed tissue with microabscesses and granulomatous material. In one patient, peripheral enhancement surrounded a central focus of low signal intensity, representing necrotic abscess. In two patients, a combination of both patterns was observed. One abscess infiltrated the posterior thoracic epidural fat, producing decreased signal within the high-signal fat on T1-weighted images. Enhanced T1-weighted images were equivalent to unenhanced T2-weighted images in detecting the extent of epidural involvement in three cases. In two cases, enhanced T1-weighted images were superior to T2-weighted images in differentiating the infectious component from surrounding CSF. In one case, contrast administration produced no discernible enhancement. Enhanced images also provided important information regarding the composition of the abscess (liquid versus solid). Contrast-enhanced MR images are valuable in the characterization of spinal epidural abscesses.