Research ArticleBRAIN
The Incidence of T2-Weighted MR Imaging Signal Abnormalities in the Brain of Cocaine-Dependent Patients Is Age-Related and Region-Specific
George Bartzokis, Iris B. Goldstein, Darwood B. Hance, Mace Beckson, David Shapiro, Po H. Lu, Nancy Edwards, Jim Mintz and Peter Bridge
American Journal of Neuroradiology October 1999, 20 (9) 1628-1635;
George Bartzokis
Iris B. Goldstein
Darwood B. Hance
Mace Beckson
David Shapiro
Po H. Lu
Nancy Edwards
Jim Mintz
References
- ↵Levine SR, Welch KM. Cocaine and stroke. Stroke 1988;19:779-783
- ↵Jacobs IG, Roszler MH, Kelly JK, Klein MA, Kling GA. Cocaine abuse. Neurovascular complications. Radiology 1989;70:223-227
- Kokkinos J, Levine SR. Stroke. Neurol Clin 1993;11:577-590
- ↵Daras M, Tuchman AJ, Koppel BS, Samkoff LM, Weitzner I, Marc J. Neurovascular complications of cocaine. Acta Neurol Scand 1994;90:124-129
- Nolte KB, Brass LM, Fletterick CF. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with cocaine abuse. A prospective autopsy study. Neurology 1996;46:1291-1296
- ↵Fessler RD, Esshaki CM, Stankewitz RC, Johnson RR, Diaz FG. The neurovascular complications of cocaine. Surg Neurol 1997;47:339-345
- ↵He GQ, Zhang A, Altura BT, Altura BM. Cocaine-induced cerebrovasospasm and its possible mechanism of action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994;268:1532-1539
- ↵Madden JA, Konkol RJ, Keller PA, Alvarez TA. Cocaine and benzoylecgonine constrict cerebral arteries by different mechanisms. Life Sci 1995;56:679-686
- ↵Konzen JP, Levine SR, Garcia JH. Vasospasm and thrombus formation as possible mechanisms of stroke related to alkaloidal cocaine [comments]. Stroke 1995;26:1114-1118
- Levine SR, Brust JC, Futrell N, et al. Cerebrovascular complications of the use of the “;t1crack” form of alkaloidal cocaine [comment]. N Engl J Med 1990;323:699-704
- Isner JM, Chokshi SK. Cocaine and vasospasm [editorial comment]. N Engl J Med 1989;321:1604-1606
- ↵Havranek EP, Nademanee K, Grayburn PA, Eichhorn EJ. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is impaired in cocaine arteriopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1168-1174
- ↵Wallace EA, Wisniewski G, Zubal G, et al. Acute cocaine effects on absolute cerebral blood flow. Psychopharmacology 1996;28:17-20
- Kukes TJ, Kaufman MJ, Levin JM, et al. Cocaine-induced cerebral blood volume reduction in females. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Scientific Meeting, College on Problems of Drug Dependence. Nashville, Tennessee. Book of Abstracts 1997;86:
- ↵Kaufman MJ, Levin JM, Ross M, et al. Cocaine-induced cerebral vasospasm in humans. Detection with magnetic resonance angiography. Proceedings of the 59th Annual Scientific Meeting, College on Problems of Drug Dependence. Nashville, Tennessee. Book of Abstracts 1997;8:
- ↵Gawin FH, Kleber HD. Medical Management of Cocaine Withdrawal.. New York: Werber/Mystad Associates; 1986;
- Weiss RD, Gawin FH. Protracted elimination of cocaine metabolites in long-term high-dose cocaine abusers. Am J Med 1988;85:879-880
- ↵
- ↵Volkow ND, Mullani N, Gould KL, Adler S, Krajewski K. Cerebral blood flow in chronic cocaine users. A study with positron emission tomography. Br J Psychiatry 1988;152:641-648
- Tumeh SS, Nagel JS, English RJ, Moore M, Holman BL. Cerebral abnormalities in cocaine abusers. Demonstration by SPECT perfusion brain scintigraphy. Work in progress. Radiology 1990;176:821-824
- Weber DA, Franceschi D, Ivanovic M, et al. SPECT and planar brain imaging in crack abuse. Iodine-123-iodoamphetamine uptake and localization. J Nucl Med 1993;34:899-907
- ↵Strickland TL, Mena I, Villanueva-Meyer J, et al. Cerebral perfusion and neuropsychological consequences of chronic cocaine use. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1993;5:419-427
- ↵Volkow ND, Valentine A, Kulkarni M. Radiological and neurological changes in the drug abuse patient. A study with MRI. J Neuroradiol 1988;15:288-293
- ↵Bartzokis G, Beckson M, Ling W. Clinical and MRI evaluation of psychostimulant neurotoxicity. NIDA Res Monogr 1996;163:300-317
- ↵Brown E, Prager J, Lee HY, Ramsey RG. CNS complications of cocaine abuse. Prevalence, pathophysiology, and neuroradiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:137-147
- Copeland JR, Willoughby KA, Police RJ, Ellis EF. Repeated cocaine administration reduces bradykinin-induced dilation of pial arterioles. Am J Physiol 1996;271:H1576-H1583
- ↵
- Andrews P. Cocaethylene toxicity. J Addict Dis 1997;16:75-84
- ↵Qureshi AI, Akbar MS, Czander E, Safdar K, Janssen RS, Frankel MR. Crack cocaine use and stroke in young patients. Neurology 1997;48:341-345
- ↵Awad IA, Johnson PC, Spetzler RF, Hodak JA. Incidental subcortical lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. II. Postmortem pathological correlations. Stroke 1986;17:1090-1097
- Brown JJ, Hesselink JR, Rothrock JF. MR and CT of lacunar infarcts. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988;151:367-372
- ↵Mineura K, Sasajima H, Kikuchi K, et al. White matter hyperintensity in neurologically asymptomatic subjects. Acta Neurol Scand 1995;92:151-156
- Fazekas F, Fazekas G, Schmidt R, Kapeller P, Offenbacher H. Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of transient cerebral ischemic attacks. Stroke 1996;27:607-611
- ↵Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Fischer ME, et al. High-signal foci on MR images of the brain: observer variability in their quantification. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:185-188
- ↵American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994;
- Goldstein IB, Bartzokis G, Hance DB, Shapiro D. Relationship between blood pressure and subcortical lesions in healthy elderly people. Stroke 1998;29:765-772
- ↵Kobari M, Meyer JS, Ichijo M, Oravez WT. Leukoaraiosis. Correlation of MR and CT findings with blood flow, atrophy, and cognition. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990;11:273-281
- Fushimi H, Inoue T, Yamada Y, Udaka F, Kameyama M. Asymptomatic cerebral small infarcts (lacunae), their risk factors and intellectual disturbances. Diabetes 1996;45[suppl 3]:S98-S100
- ↵Bogousslavsky J, Regli F. Centrum ovale infarcts. Subcortical infarction in the superficial territory of the middle cerebral artery [comments]. Neurology 1992;42:1992-998
- Garcia JH, Lassen NA, Weiller C, Sperling B, Nakagawara J. Ischemic stroke and incomplete infarction. Stroke 1996;27:761-765
- Shellshear JL. The subcortical gray matter arteries of the forebrain and their functional significance. J Anat 1921;55:27-35
- ↵Moody DM, Bell MA, Challa VR. Features of the cerebral vascular pattern that predict vulnerability to perfusion or oxygenation deficiency. An anatomic study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990;11:431-439
- Damasio H. A computed tomographic guide to the identification of cerebral vascular territories. Arch Neurol 1983;40:138-142
- ↵Saady JJ, Bowman ER, Aceto MD. Cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, and benzoylecgonine plasma profiles in rhesus monkeys. J Anal Toxicol 1995;19:571-575
- ↵Spiehler VR, Reed D. Brain concentrations of cocaine and benzoylecgonine in fatal cases. J Forensic Sci 1985;30:1003-1011
- Isenschmid DS, Fischman MW, Foltin RW, Caplan YH. Concentration of cocaine and metabolites in plasma of humans following intravenous administration and smoking of cocaine [comments]. J Anal Toxicol 1992;16:311-314
- Cone EJ, Hillsgrove M, Darwin WD. Simultaneous measurement of cocaine, cocaethylene, their metabolites, and “crack” pyrolysis products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 1994;40:1299-1305
- Benowitz NL. Clinical pharmacology and toxicology of cocaine. Pharmacol Toxicol 1993;72:3-12 [published erratum appears in Pharmacol Toxicol 1993;72:343 ]
- Erzouki HK, Baum I, Goldberg SR, Schindler CW. Comparison of the effects of cocaine and its metabolites on cardiovascular function in anesthetized rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22:557-563
- Schuelke GS, Konkol RJ, Terry LC, Madden JA. Effect of cocaine metabolites on behavior. Possible neuroendocrine mechanisms. Brain Res Bull 1996;39:43-48
- Hedaya MA, Pan WJ. Cocaine and alcohol interactions in naive and alcohol-pretreated rats. Drug Metab Dispos 1996;24:807-812
- ↵Gatley SJ, Yu DW, Fowler JS, et al. Studies with differentially labeled [11C]cocaine, [11C]norcocaine, [11C]benzoylecgonine, and [11C]- and 4’-[18F]fluorococaine to probe the extent to which [11C]cocaine metabolites contribute to PET images of the baboon brain. J Neurochem 1994;62:1154-1162
- Mendal B, Rudney H. Butyrylcholine estrase in the white matter. J Biochem 1953;43:59-63
- Lumsden CE. The problem of correlation of quantitative methods and tissue morphology in the central nervous system. The distribution of cholinesterases. In: Richter D, ed Metabolism of the Nervous System New York: Plenum Press; 1957;91-100
- Carmona GN, Baum I, Schindler CW, et al. Plasma butyrylcholine esterase activity and cocaine half-life differ significantly in rhesus and squirrel monkeys. Life Sci 1996;59:939-943
- ↵Friede RL. A comparative histochemical mapping of the distribution of butyrylcholine esterase in the brains of four species of mammals, including man. Acta Anat (Basel) 1967;66:161-177
- Atack JR, Perry EK, Bonham JR, Candy JM, Perry RH. Molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholine esterase in the aged human central nervous system. J Neurochem 1986;47:263-277
- Jbilo O, Bartels CF, Chatonnet A, Toutant JP, Lockridge O. Tissue distribution of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholine esterase messenger RNA. Toxicon 1994;32:1445-1457
- Wright CI, Geula C, Mesulam MM. Neurological cholinesterases in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease. Relationship to plaques, tangles, and patterns of selective vulnerability. Ann Neurol 1993;34:373-384
- ↵Damasio AR, Damasio H, Rizzo M, Varney N, Gersh F. Aphasia with nonhemorrhagic lesions in the basal ganglia and internal capsule. Arch Neurol 1982;39:15-24
- ↵
- ↵Sette G, Baron JC, Young AR, et al. In vivo mapping of brain benzodiazepine receptor changes by positron emission tomography after focal ischemia in the anesthetized baboon. Stroke 1993;24:2046-2057
- O'Malley S, Adamse M, Heaton RK, Gawin FH. Neuropsychological impairment in chronic cocaine abusers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1992;18:131-144
- Berry J, van Gorp WG, Herzberg DS, et al. Neuropsychological deficits in abstinent cocaine abusers. Preliminary findings after two weeks of abstinence. Drug Alcohol Depend 1993;32:231-237
- Hoff AL, Riordan H, Morris L, et al. Effects of crack cocaine on neurocognitive function. Psychiatry Res 1996;60:167-176
- ↵Bauman JL, Grawe JJ, Winecoff AP, Hariman RJ. Cocaine-related sudden cardiac death. A hypothesis correlating basic science and clinical observations. J Clin Pharmacol 1994;34:902-911
- ↵Marzuk PM, Tardiff K, Leon AC, et al. Fatal injuries after cocaine use as a leading cause of death among young adults in New York City. N Engl J Med 1995;332:1753-1757
- Shen WK, Edwards WD, Hammill SC, Bailey KR, Ballard DJ, Gersh BJ. Sudden unexpected nontraumatic death in 54 young adults. A 30-year population-based study. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:148-152
- ↵Hass WK, Easton JD, Adams HPJ, et al. A randomized trial comparing ticlopidine hydrochloride with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in high-risk patients. Ticlopidine Aspirin Stroke Study Group [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1989;321:501-507
- North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1991;325:445-453
- ↵Oppenheimer SM, Kedem G, Martin WM. Left-insular cortex lesions perturb cardiac autonomic tone in humans. Clin Auton Res 1996;6:131-140
- ↵van Swieten JC, Staal S, Kappelle LJ, Derix MM, van Gijn J. Are white matter lesions directly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with lacunar infarcts? J Neurol 1996;243:196-200
- Pasquier F, Leys D. Why are stroke patients prone to develop dementia? J Neurol 1997;244:135-142
In this issue
Advertisement
The Incidence of T2-Weighted MR Imaging Signal Abnormalities in the Brain of Cocaine-Dependent Patients Is Age-Related and Region-Specific
George Bartzokis, Iris B. Goldstein, Darwood B. Hance, Mace Beckson, David Shapiro, Po H. Lu, Nancy Edwards, Jim Mintz, Peter Bridge
American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 1999, 20 (9) 1628-1635;
The Incidence of T2-Weighted MR Imaging Signal Abnormalities in the Brain of Cocaine-Dependent Patients Is Age-Related and Region-Specific
George Bartzokis, Iris B. Goldstein, Darwood B. Hance, Mace Beckson, David Shapiro, Po H. Lu, Nancy Edwards, Jim Mintz, Peter Bridge
American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 1999, 20 (9) 1628-1635;
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.
This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.
More in this TOC Section
Similar Articles
Advertisement