Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state and contrast-enhanced 2D cine phase MR images.
A, For the determination of the transverse image plane, a sagittal gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state MR image (20/5; flip angle, 60 degrees) was created. The imaging plane was determined at the midpontine level to be perpendicular to the basilar artery.
B, Contrast-enhanced 2D cine phase MR image (40/11.8; flip angle, 30 degrees), acquired at 32 phase. Note the basilar artery as an area of hypointensity (arrow).
- Fig 2.
3D time-of-flight MR angiograms and blood flow velocity data plots.
A, 3D time-of-flight MR angiogram (33/4; flip angle, 20 degrees) of a 49-year-old male patient with PCI and dizziness shows narrowing of the right vertebral and basilar arteries. Change of blood flow velocity between systolic and diastolic phases was greater in the patient than in the normal control volunteer (see B).
B, 3D time-of-flight MR angiogram (33/4; flip angle, 20 degrees) of a 54-year-old female control participant with no clinical signs or symptoms shows mild meandering of the basilar artery.
Tables
- TABLE 1:
Clinical backgrounds, symptoms, and risk factors in posterior circulation ischemia and control groups
PCI Group Control Group P Clinical Backgrounds N (male vs female) 21 (10:11) 16 (11:5) NS† Age range, y (mean) 41–80 (61.3) 40–85 (61.6) NS* Body mass index,kg/m2 24.8 ± 4.0 22.7 ± 3.9 NS* SBP, mm Hg Intermittent 135.0 ± 18.1 NS* Attack 148.6 ± 19.6 132.3 ± 12.9 <.001 Clinical Symptoms Paroxysmal vertigo (with nystagmus) 5 (3) 0 Paroxysmal dizziness (with nystagmus) 16 (1) 0 Hearing loss 2 2 Headache 0 1 Chronic neurologic deficit 0 3 Transient neurologic deficit 4 0 Risk Factors for Cerebral Blood Flow Hypertension 11 3 NS† Diabetes Mellitus 1 0 NS† Hyperlipidemia 7 7 NS† Smoking 3 4 NS† Note.—PCB, posterior circulation ischemia; SBP, systolic blood pressure; hypertension, SBP > 140 mm Hg; diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose level > 200 mg/dL; hyperlipidemia, total blood cholesterol level > 200 mg/dL or neutral fat > 160 mg/dL; smoker, habitual smoking during study.
* Student t test.
† Fisher exact probability test.
- TABLE 2:
Average flow velocity and flow volume rate of the basilar artery in posterior circulation ischemia and control groups
PCI Group Control Group P* Range of interest, cm2 0.10 ± 0.03 0.11 ± 0.03 NS Maximum average velocity, cm/s 29.2 ± 9.2 38.5 ± 8.2 <.005 Minimum average velocity, cm/s 10.0 ± 4.0 11.3 ± 5.0 NS Mean average velocity, cm/s 18.0 ± 5.6 22.6 ± 5.0 <.01 Flow volume rate, mL/min 103.3 ± 37.3 148.8 ± 40.0 <.001 Note.—PCI indicates posterior cerebral ischemia.
* Student t test.
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