Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Examples of ROIs placed in the temporal (A) and prefrontal (B) areas and CC (C) of the FA map.
- Fig 2.
Cortical thickness was measured in cortical structures shown in this 3D rendering view of the brain from outside (A) and inside (B). The cortical structures, where statistically significant changes were observed in the MCI groups, are highlighted in the different colors to distinguish each cortical region, which is numbered as 1, bankssts; 2, entorhinal; 3, frontal pole; 4, fusiform; 5, inferior temporal; 6, middle temporal; 7, paracentral; 8, parahippocampal; 9, pars orbitalis; 10, pars triangularis; 11, postcentral; 12, rostral middle frontal; 13, superior parietal; 14, superior temporal.
- Fig 3.
FA (A) and ADC (B) values in different ROIs of the MCI and control groups.
- Fig 4.
Decreases in cortical thickness were observed in the MCI group in several cortical structures (colored) of the left and right hemisphere. Bank, bankssts (ie, cortical areas around superior temporal sulcus); En, entorhinal; FP, frontal pole; FF, fusiform; IFT, inferior temporal; MT, middle temporal; ParaC, paracentral; PH, parahippocampal; PO, pars orbitalis; PT, pars triangularis; PostC, postcentral; RMF, rostral middle frontal; SP, superior parietal; ST, superior temporal areas.
- Fig 5.
The levels of sensitivity and specificity to predicting MCI are shown in the plot of the ROC analysis. Combining the FA measurement of WM changes and the cortical thickness measurement of GM changes in the left hemisphere resulted in the increased AUC (blue line), ie, improved sensitivity and specificity to differentiate MCI from the control subjects compared with those of the FA measurement (red) or cortical thickness analysis (green) alone.
Tables
MCI (n = 10) Healthy Control Subjects (n = 10) P value Mean (SD) age (y) 72.2 (7.7) 70.1 (7.7) 0.50 Mean (SD) education (y) 14.0 (4.0) 15.2 (4.1) 0.20 Race 10/10 White 9/10 White; 1 African American — Sex 7 Female, 3 Male 5 Female, 5 Male 0.62 Mean (SD) MMSE 26.4 (2.2) 29.7 (0.5) 0.0007 Note:—MCI indicates mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
- Table 2:
Pearson correlations between changes in cortical thickness in the GM and changes of WM integrity in ROIs in the left temporal lobes of MCI group
DTI Measurements* Subject Groups Cortical Thickness† Fusiform Middle Temporal Inferior Temporal Parahippocampal Pars Triangularis Superior Temporal FA (r) Control 0.30 0.11 0.43 0.03 0.30 0.28 MCI −0.18 −0.34 −0.15 −0.30 −0.73 −0.28 ADC (r) Control −0.52 −0.49 −059 −0.70 −0.47 −0.55 MCI −0.19 0.19 0.01 −0.55 −0.04 0.12 Note:—ADC indicates apparent diffusion coefficient; DTI, diffusion tensor imaging; FA, fractional anisotropy; GM, gray matter; WM, white matter; ROI, region of interest.
* FA and ADC were averaged.
† Only cortical structures with statistically significant changes are shown.
- Table 3:
Sensitivity and specificity to predict MCI with different imaging measurements of WM and GM changes*
Modal Cortical Regions Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) Accuracy (%) AUC DTI indices Left temporal FA 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.83 Left temporal ADC 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.86 Cortical thickness Entorhinal 0.90 0.70 0.80 0.84 Middle temporal 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.81 Parahippocampal 0.60 1.00 0.80 0.80 Superior temporal 0.70 0.80 0.75 0.78 FA plus cortical thickness Left temporal FA plus entorhinal 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.87 Left temporal FA plus middle temporal 0.80 0.90 0.85 0.92 Left temporal FA plus parahippocampal 0.90 1.00 0.95 0.98 Left temporal FA plus superior temporal 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.90 ADC plus cortical thickness Left temporal ADC plus entorhinal 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.92 Left temporal ADC plus middle temporal 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.94 Left temporal ADC plus parahippocampal 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.87 Left temporal ADC plus superior temporal 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.92 Note:—AUC indicates area under the curve.
* The accuracy and quality of prediction are shown as increases in AUC when DTI and cortical thickness measurements are used concurrently.
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