Perfusion Deficits Detected by Arterial Spin-Labeling in Patients with TIA with Negative Diffusion and Vascular Imaging

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   1. Rothwell PM,
   2. Giles MF,
   3. Flossmann E,
   4. et al

   . A simple score (ABCD) to identify individuals at high early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2005;366:29–36

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
2. 2.↵
   1. Giles M,
   2. Rothwell P

   . Risk of stroke early after transient ischaemic attack: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:1063–72

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Castle J,
   2. Mlynash M,
   3. Lee K,
   4. et al

   . Agreement regarding diagnosis of transient ischemic attack fairly low among stroke-trained neurologists. Stroke 2010;41:1367–70

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
4. 4.↵
   1. Easton JD,
   2. Saver JL,
   3. Albers GW,
   4. et al

   . Definition and evaluation of transient ischemic attack: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease. Stroke 2009;40:2276–93

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Laloux P,
   2. Jamart J,
   3. Meurisse H,
   4. et al

   . Persisting perfusion defect in transient ischemic attacks: a new clinically useful subgroup? Stroke 1996;27:425–30

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Lu J,
   2. Li KC,
   3. Hua Y

   . Primary study on imaging in transient ischemic attack. Chin Med J 2005;118:1812–16

   PubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Prabhakaran S,
   2. Patel SK,
   3. Samuels J,
   4. et al

   . Perfusion computed tomography in transient ischemic attack. Arch Neurol 2011;68:85–89

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Eastwood JD,
   2. Lev MH,
   3. Wintermark M,
   4. et al

   . Correlation of early dynamic CT perfusion imaging with whole-brain MR diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute hemispheric stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:1869–75

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Koenig M,
   2. Klotz E,
   3. Luka B,
   4. et al

   . Perfusion CT of the brain: diagnostic approach for early detection of ischemic stroke. Radiology 1998;209:85–93

   PubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    1. Merwick A,
    2. Albers GW,
    3. Amarenco P,
    4. et al

    . Addition of brain and carotid imaging to the ABCD² score to identify patients at early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack: a multicentre observational study. Lancet Neurol 2010;9:1060–69

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. 11.↵
    1. Giles MF,
    2. Albers GW,
    3. Amarenco P,
    4. et al

    . Early stroke risk and ABCD2 score performance in tissue- vs time-defined TIA: a multicenter study. Neurology 2011;77:1222–28

    CrossRef
12. 12.↵
    1. Zaharchuk G,
    2. Olivot JM,
    3. Fischbein NJ,
    4. et al

    . Arterial spin labeling imaging findings in transient ischemic attack patients: comparison with diffusion- and bolus perfusion-weighted imaging. Cerebrovasc Dis 2012;34:221–28

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Ay H,
    2. Arsava EM,
    3. Johnston SC,
    4. et al

    . Clinical- and imaging-based prediction of stroke risk after transient ischemic attack: the CIP model. Stroke 2009;40:181–86

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Sylaja PN,
    2. Coutts SB,
    3. Krol A,
    4. et al

    . When to expect negative diffusion-weighted images in stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2008;39:1898–900

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Krol AL,
    2. Coutts SB,
    3. Simon JE,
    4. et al

    . Perfusion MRI abnormalities in speech or motor transient ischemic attack patients. Stroke 2005;36:2487–89

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Mlynash M,
    2. Olivot JM,
    3. Tong DC,
    4. et al

    . Yield of combined perfusion and diffusion MR imaging in hemispheric TIA. Neurology 2009;72:1127–33

    CrossRef
17. 17.↵
    1. Chalela JA,
    2. Alsop DC,
    3. Gonzalez-Atavales JB,
    4. et al

    . Magnetic resonance perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke using continuous arterial spin labeling. Stroke 2000;31:680–87

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Wang DJ,
    2. Alger JR,
    3. Qiao JX,
    4. et al

    . The value of arterial spin-labeled perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke: comparison with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI. Stroke 2012;43:1018–24

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    1. Zaharchuk G

    . Arterial spin label imaging in acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2011;21:285–301, x

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Hendrikse J,
    2. van Osch MJ,
    3. Rutgers DR,
    4. et al

    . Internal carotid artery occlusion assessed at pulsed arterial spin-labeling perfusion MR imaging at multiple delay times. Radiology 2004;233:899–904

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. van Laar PJ,
    2. Hendrikse J,
    3. Klijn CJ,
    4. et al

    . Symptomatic carotid artery occlusion: flow territories of major brain-feeding arteries. Radiology 2007;242:526–34

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    1. MacIntosh BJ,
    2. Lindsay AC,
    3. Kylintireas I,
    4. et al

    . Multiple inflow pulsed arterial spin-labeling reveals delays in the arterial arrival time in minor stroke and transient ischemic attack. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010;31:1892–94

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
23. 23.↵
    1. Fernández-Seara MA,
    2. Edlow BL,
    3. Hoang A,
    4. et al

    . Minimizing acquisition time of arterial spin labeling at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2008;59:1467–71

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Wu WC,
    2. Fernandez-Seara M,
    3. Detre JA,
    4. et al

    . A theoretical and experimental investigation of the tagging efficiency of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 2007;58:1020–27

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    1. Ghia D,
    2. Thomas P,
    3. Cordato D,
    4. et al

    . Low positive predictive value of the ABCD2 score in emergency department transient ischaemic attack diagnoses: the South Western Sydney tRansient Ischaemic Attack study. Intern Med J 2012;42:913–18

    CrossRefPubMed
26. 26.↵
    1. Crisostomo RA,
    2. Garcia MM,
    3. Tong DC

    . Detection of diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities in patients with transient ischemic attack: correlation with clinical characteristics. Stroke 2003;34:932–37

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. 27.↵
    1. Ay H,
    2. Oliveira-Filho J,
    3. Buonanno FS,
    4. et al

    . 'Footprints' of transient ischemic attacks: a diffusion-weighted MRI study. Cerebrovasu Dis 2002;14:177–86

    CrossRef
28. 28.↵
    1. Calvet D,
    2. Touzé E,
    3. Oppenheim C,
    4. et al

    . DWI lesions and TIA etiology improve the prediction of stroke after TIA. Stroke 2009;40:187–92

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. 29.↵
    1. Ssi-Yan-Kai G,
    2. Nasr N,
    3. Faury A,
    4. et al

    . Intracranial artery stenosis or occlusion predicts ischemic recurrence after transient ischemic attack. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:185–90

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
30. 30.↵
    1. Hotter BA,
    2. Lechner JM,
    3. Nolte CH,
    4. et al

    . ABCD (2) as a screening tool for cerebral infarction on stroke MRI? Eur Neurol 2012;67:315–20

    CrossRefPubMed
31. 31.↵
    1. Alsop DC,
    2. Detre JA

    . Reduced transit time sensitivity in noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of human cerebral blood flow. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1996;16:1236–49

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. 32.↵
    1. Buxton RB,
    2. Frank LR,
    3. Wong EC,
    4. et al

    . A general kinetic model for quantitative perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:383–96

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. 33.↵
    1. Petersen ET,
    2. Lim T,
    3. Golay X

    . Model-free arterial spin labeling quantification approach for perfusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2006;55:219–32

    CrossRefPubMed