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Index by author

February 01, 2019; Volume 40,Issue 2
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z

A

  1. Abe, O.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
  2. Ai, L.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  3. Alturki, A.Y.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Endothelialization following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
      K. Ravindran, M.M. Salem, A.Y. Alturki, A.J. Thomas, C.S. Ogilvy and J.M. Moore
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 295-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5955
  4. Andica, C.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  5. Aoki, S.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  6. Ardekani, B.A.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Sexual Dimorphism and Hemispheric Asymmetry of Hippocampal Volumetric Integrity in Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease
      B.A. Ardekani, S.A. Hadid, E. Blessing and A.H. Bachman
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 276-282; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5943
  7. Atwal, G.S.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953

B

  1. Bachman, A.H.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Sexual Dimorphism and Hemispheric Asymmetry of Hippocampal Volumetric Integrity in Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease
      B.A. Ardekani, S.A. Hadid, E. Blessing and A.H. Bachman
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 276-282; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5943
  2. Bednarek, D.R.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  3. Beecher, J.S.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  4. Bendszus, M.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  5. Benninger, K.L.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      MR Imaging Scoring System for White Matter Injury after Deep Medullary Vein Thrombosis and Infarction in Neonates
      K.L. Benninger, N.L. Maitre, L. Ruess and J.A. Rusin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 347-352; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5940
  6. Benson, J.C.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

  7. Ber, R.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Volumetric MRI Study of the Brain in Fetuses with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Correlation to Neurodevelopmental Outcome
      A. Grinberg, E. Katorza, D. Hoffman, R. Ber, A. Mayer and S. Lipitz
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 353-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5948
  8. Blanken, L.M.E.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  9. Blessing, E.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Sexual Dimorphism and Hemispheric Asymmetry of Hippocampal Volumetric Integrity in Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease
      B.A. Ardekani, S.A. Hadid, E. Blessing and A.H. Bachman
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 276-282; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5943
  10. Bliss, T.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  11. Botto, A.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  12. Bouhuis, R.H.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  13. Boutet, A.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  14. Brinjikji, W.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Single-Needle Lateral Sacroplasty Technique
      P.J. Nicholson, C.A. Hilditch, W. Brinjikji, A.C.O. Tsang and R. Smith
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 382-385; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5884

C

  1. Caldarelli, M.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  2. Castellino, R.C.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      High-Grade Gliomas in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Literature Review and Illustrative Cases
      C.D. Spyris, R.C. Castellino, M.J. Schniederjan and N. Kadom
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 366-369; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5888
  3. Chen, L.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
      Open Access
      Treatment Response Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histogram Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
      N. Tu, Y. Zhong, X. Wang, F. Xing, L. Chen and G. Wu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 326-333; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5925

      Thirty-six patients with an initial diagnosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffusional kurtosis imaging acquisitions before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into respond-versus-nonrespond groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and residual-versus-nonresidual groups after radiation therapy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that setting pre-D50th = 0.875 x 10-3 mm2/s as the cutoff value could result in optimal diagnostic performance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction (area under the curve = 0.814, sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.92), while the post-K90th = 1.035 (area under the curve = 0.829, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.72) was optimal for radiation therapy response prediction. Histogram analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging may potentially predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-term radiation therapy response in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

  4. Chen, Q.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  5. Chen, Y.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  6. Chen, Y.-F.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  7. Cheng, M.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  8. Chougar, L.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  9. Clark, M.S.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Renal Contrast on CT Myelography: Diagnostic Value in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
      K.A. Kinsman, J.T. Verdoorn, P.H. Luetmer, M.S. Clark and F.E. Diehn
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 376-381; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5934
  10. Coblentz, A.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  11. Colosimo, C.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  12. Conolly, S.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896

D

  1. Damiano, R.J.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  2. Davies, J.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  3. Davies, J.M.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  4. Deschamps, R.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  5. Diehn, F.E.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Renal Contrast on CT Myelography: Diagnostic Value in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
      K.A. Kinsman, J.T. Verdoorn, P.H. Luetmer, M.S. Clark and F.E. Diehn
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 376-381; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5934
  6. Doyle, T.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  7. Dremmen, M.H.G.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  8. Du, F.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896

E

  1. El Methni, J.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  2. Eriksson, A.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Is Delayed Speech Development a Long-Term Sequela of Birth-Related Subdural Hematoma?
      N. Lynøe, D. Olsson and A. Eriksson
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E10; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5890

F

  1. Fan, D.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  2. Fechner, A.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  3. Fennel, V.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  4. Fennell, V.S.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  5. Foo, T.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  6. Frassanito, P.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  7. Fujita, S.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

G

  1. Gaudino, S.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  2. Gohel, S.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  3. Golden, E.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  4. Gout, O.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  5. Grant, G.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  6. Grinberg, A.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Volumetric MRI Study of the Brain in Fetuses with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Correlation to Neurodevelopmental Outcome
      A. Grinberg, E. Katorza, D. Hoffman, R. Ber, A. Mayer and S. Lipitz
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 353-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5948
  7. Gueguen, A.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941

H

  1. Hadid, S.A.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Sexual Dimorphism and Hemispheric Asymmetry of Hippocampal Volumetric Integrity in Normal Aging and Alzheimer Disease
      B.A. Ardekani, S.A. Hadid, E. Blessing and A.H. Bachman
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 276-282; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5943
  2. Hagiwara, A.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  3. Han, J.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      The “Bovine Aortic Arch”: Time to Rethink the True Origin of the Term?
      L.J. Ridley, J. Han and H. Xiang
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E7-E8; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5924
  4. Hancu, I.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  5. Hantus, S.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      FDG-PET and MRI in the Evolution of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus
      T. Strohm, C. Steriade, G. Wu, S. Hantus, A. Rae-Grant and M. Larvie
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 238-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5929
  6. Haruyama, T.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
  7. Hattori, N.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  8. Hatzoglou, V.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  9. Herweh, C.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  10. Hilditch, C.A.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Single-Needle Lateral Sacroplasty Technique
      P.J. Nicholson, C.A. Hilditch, W. Brinjikji, A.C.O. Tsang and R. Smith
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 382-385; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5884
  11. Hillen, T.J.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Percutaneous CT-Guided Skull Biopsy: Feasibility, Safety, and Diagnostic Yield
      A. Tomasian, T.J. Hillen and J.W. Jennings
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 309-312; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5949
  12. Hoffman, D.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Volumetric MRI Study of the Brain in Fetuses with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Correlation to Neurodevelopmental Outcome
      A. Grinberg, E. Katorza, D. Hoffman, R. Ber, A. Mayer and S. Lipitz
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 353-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5948
  13. Holodny, A.I.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  14. Hori, M.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  15. Hu, H.

    1. Extracranial Vascular
      Open Access
      Transient Ischemic Attack and Carotid Web
      H. Hu, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Li and Y. Zhao
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 313-318; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5946
  16. Huang, L.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings
      Z. Tan, X. Long, F. Tian, L. Huang, F. Xie and S. Li
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 245-252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5944
  17. Huang, S.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  18. Huang, Y.-C.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945

I

  1. Infante, A.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  2. Ionita, C.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  3. Irie, R.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

J

  1. Jaddoe, V.W.V.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  2. Jenabi, M.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  3. Jennings, J.W.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Percutaneous CT-Guided Skull Biopsy: Feasibility, Safety, and Diagnostic Yield
      A. Tomasian, T.J. Hillen and J.W. Jennings
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 309-312; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5949
  4. Jordan, J.E.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPractice Perspectives
      You have access
      A Call to Improve the Visibility and Access of the American College of Radiology Practice Parameters in Neuroradiology: A Powerful Value Stream Enhancer for Both Neuroradiologists and Patients
      J.E. Jordan and A. Norbash
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 213-216; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5923

      The authors suggest that practitioners gain a high degree of familiarity with accessing practice parameters. Doing so will provide additional reference and access to the practice parameters when medical literature searches are undertaken or when questions arise regarding best practices. Such an approach will ensure that future neuroradiology clinical guidelines or technical standards documents are provided as broad an exposure as possible. This effort could enhance the visibility and accessibility of the quality of practice for neuroradiologists, provide needed clinical guidance to practice state-of-the-art neuroradiology/radiology, and ensure the visibility of our valuable contributions to both individual patient care and collective patient outcomes.

K

  1. Kadom, N.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      High-Grade Gliomas in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Literature Review and Illustrative Cases
      C.D. Spyris, R.C. Castellino, M.J. Schniederjan and N. Kadom
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 366-369; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5888
  2. Kamagata, K.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  3. Kapadia, A.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  4. Katorza, E.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Volumetric MRI Study of the Brain in Fetuses with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Correlation to Neurodevelopmental Outcome
      A. Grinberg, E. Katorza, D. Hoffman, R. Ber, A. Mayer and S. Lipitz
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 353-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5948
  5. Kennedy, T.A.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  6. Khinda, J.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  7. Kinsman, K.A.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Renal Contrast on CT Myelography: Diagnostic Value in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
      K.A. Kinsman, J.T. Verdoorn, P.H. Luetmer, M.S. Clark and F.E. Diehn
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 376-381; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5934
  8. Koshino, S.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  9. Krebs, J.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  10. Krishnan, K.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  11. Krivochenitser, R.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  12. Kroll, N.J.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

  13. Kuo, M.-F.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  14. Kuramochi, M.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921

L

  1. Laino, M.E.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  2. Larvie, M.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      FDG-PET and MRI in the Evolution of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus
      T. Strohm, C. Steriade, G. Wu, S. Hantus, A. Rae-Grant and M. Larvie
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 238-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5929
  3. Lecler, A.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  4. Lee, C.-W.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  5. Leone, E.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  6. Levy, E.I.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  7. Li, S.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings
      Z. Tan, X. Long, F. Tian, L. Huang, F. Xie and S. Li
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 245-252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5944
  8. Li, Y.

    1. Extracranial Vascular
      Open Access
      Transient Ischemic Attack and Carotid Web
      H. Hu, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Li and Y. Zhao
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 313-318; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5946
  9. Lin, Y.-H.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  10. Lipitz, S.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Volumetric MRI Study of the Brain in Fetuses with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Correlation to Neurodevelopmental Outcome
      A. Grinberg, E. Katorza, D. Hoffman, R. Ber, A. Mayer and S. Lipitz
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 353-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5948
  11. Liu, H.-M.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  12. Long, X.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings
      Z. Tan, X. Long, F. Tian, L. Huang, F. Xie and S. Li
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 245-252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5944
  13. Longhurst, C.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  14. Lu, C.-J.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  15. Luetmer, P.H.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Renal Contrast on CT Myelography: Diagnostic Value in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
      K.A. Kinsman, J.T. Verdoorn, P.H. Luetmer, M.S. Clark and F.E. Diehn
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 376-381; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5934
  16. Lynøe, N.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Is Delayed Speech Development a Long-Term Sequela of Birth-Related Subdural Hematoma?
      N. Lynøe, D. Olsson and A. Eriksson
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E10; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5890

M

  1. Maekawa, T.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  2. Maitre, N.L.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      MR Imaging Scoring System for White Matter Injury after Deep Medullary Vein Thrombosis and Infarction in Neonates
      K.L. Benninger, N.L. Maitre, L. Ruess and J.A. Rusin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 347-352; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5940
  3. Marroun, H.E.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  4. Martucci, M.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  5. Mathews, N.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  6. Mayer, A.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Volumetric MRI Study of the Brain in Fetuses with Intrauterine Cytomegalovirus Infection and Its Correlation to Neurodevelopmental Outcome
      A. Grinberg, E. Katorza, D. Hoffman, R. Ber, A. Mayer and S. Lipitz
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 353-358; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5948
  7. McKinney, A.M.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

  8. Meng, H.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  9. Möhlenbruch, M.A.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  10. Mokin, M.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  11. Moore, J.M.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Endothelialization following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
      K. Ravindran, M.M. Salem, A.Y. Alturki, A.J. Thomas, C.S. Ogilvy and J.M. Moore
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 295-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5955
  12. Muetzel, R.L.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939

N

  1. Nagel, S.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  2. Nakazawa, M.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
  3. Natarajan, S.K.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  4. Nicholson, P.J.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Single-Needle Lateral Sacroplasty Technique
      P.J. Nicholson, C.A. Hilditch, W. Brinjikji, A.C.O. Tsang and R. Smith
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 382-385; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5884
  5. Norbash, A.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPractice Perspectives
      You have access
      A Call to Improve the Visibility and Access of the American College of Radiology Practice Parameters in Neuroradiology: A Powerful Value Stream Enhancer for Both Neuroradiologists and Patients
      J.E. Jordan and A. Norbash
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 213-216; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5923

      The authors suggest that practitioners gain a high degree of familiarity with accessing practice parameters. Doing so will provide additional reference and access to the practice parameters when medical literature searches are undertaken or when questions arise regarding best practices. Such an approach will ensure that future neuroradiology clinical guidelines or technical standards documents are provided as broad an exposure as possible. This effort could enhance the visibility and accessibility of the quality of practice for neuroradiologists, provide needed clinical guidance to practice state-of-the-art neuroradiology/radiology, and ensure the visibility of our valuable contributions to both individual patient care and collective patient outcomes.

O

  1. Ogilvy, C.S.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Endothelialization following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
      K. Ravindran, M.M. Salem, A.Y. Alturki, A.J. Thomas, C.S. Ogilvy and J.M. Moore
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 295-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5955
  2. Olsson, D.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Is Delayed Speech Development a Long-Term Sequela of Birth-Related Subdural Hematoma?
      N. Lynøe, D. Olsson and A. Eriksson
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E10; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5890
  3. Oswood, M.C.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

  4. Otsuka, Y.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  5. Özütemiz, C.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

P

  1. Paliwal, N.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  2. Patil, U.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  3. Peck, K.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  4. Pedersen, R.C.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Reply:
      V.J. Rooks, L. Ruess, G.W. Peterman and R.C. Pedersen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E11; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5969
  5. Peterman, G.W.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Reply:
      V.J. Rooks, L. Ruess, G.W. Peterman and R.C. Pedersen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E11; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5969
  6. Pfaff, J.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  7. Pfeifer, C.M.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists Should Manage Patients Requiring Fetal MRI of the Central Nervous System
      C.M. Pfeifer
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E6; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5894
  8. Pilitsis, J.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  9. Pisani, L.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  10. Polzin, J.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  11. Port, J.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

Q

  1. Qiao, Z.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  2. Qu, H.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896

R

  1. Rae-Grant, A.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      FDG-PET and MRI in the Evolution of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus
      T. Strohm, C. Steriade, G. Wu, S. Hantus, A. Rae-Grant and M. Larvie
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 238-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5929
  2. Rajagopal, R.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Reply:
      R. Rajagopal and S. Sharma
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E9; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5965
  3. Rajeev-Kumar, G.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  4. Ramaglia, A.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  5. Rao, J.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  6. Ravindran, K.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Endothelialization following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
      K. Ravindran, M.M. Salem, A.Y. Alturki, A.J. Thomas, C.S. Ogilvy and J.M. Moore
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 295-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5955
  7. Ridley, L.J.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      The “Bovine Aortic Arch”: Time to Rethink the True Origin of the Term?
      L.J. Ridley, J. Han and H. Xiang
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E7-E8; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5924
  8. Ringleb, P.A.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  9. Rooks, V.J.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Reply:
      V.J. Rooks, L. Ruess, G.W. Peterman and R.C. Pedersen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E11; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5969
  10. Roshan, S.K.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

  11. Ruberto, E.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  12. Rudin, S.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  13. Ruess, L.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Reply:
      V.J. Rooks, L. Ruess, G.W. Peterman and R.C. Pedersen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E11; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5969
    2. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      MR Imaging Scoring System for White Matter Injury after Deep Medullary Vein Thrombosis and Infarction in Neonates
      K.L. Benninger, N.L. Maitre, L. Ruess and J.A. Rusin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 347-352; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5940
  14. Rusin, J.A.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      MR Imaging Scoring System for White Matter Injury after Deep Medullary Vein Thrombosis and Infarction in Neonates
      K.L. Benninger, N.L. Maitre, L. Ruess and J.A. Rusin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 347-352; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5940
  15. Rykken, J.B.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

S

  1. Sadik, J.C.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  2. Salem, M.M.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Endothelialization following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
      K. Ravindran, M.M. Salem, A.Y. Alturki, A.J. Thomas, C.S. Ogilvy and J.M. Moore
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 295-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5955
  3. Savatovsky, J.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      A 3T Phase-Sensitive Inversion Recovery MRI Sequence Improves Detection of Cervical Spinal Cord Lesions and Shows Active Lesions in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      A. Fechner, J. Savatovsky, J. El Methni, J.C. Sadik, O. Gout, R. Deschamps, A. Gueguen and A. Lecler
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 370-375; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5941
  4. Schniederjan, M.J.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      High-Grade Gliomas in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Literature Review and Illustrative Cases
      C.D. Spyris, R.C. Castellino, M.J. Schniederjan and N. Kadom
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 366-369; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5888
  5. Schönenberger, S.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  6. Schonfeld, Steven M.

    1. Perspectives
      You have access
      Perspectives
      Steven M. Schonfeld
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 205; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0052
  7. Seker, F.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Clinical Outcome after Thrombectomy in Patients with Stroke with Premorbid Modified Rankin Scale Scores of 3 and 4: A Cohort Study with 136 Patients
      F. Seker, J. Pfaff, S. Schönenberger, C. Herweh, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 283-286; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5920
  8. Setlur Nagesh, S.V.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
  9. Shakir, H.J.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  10. Shallwani, H.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  11. Shanbhag, D.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  12. Sharma, S.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      Reply:
      R. Rajagopal and S. Sharma
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E9; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5965
  13. Shen, H.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  14. Siddiqui, A.H.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      High-Definition Zoom Mode, a High-Resolution X-Ray Microscope for Neurointerventional Treatment Procedures: A Blinded-Rater Clinical-Utility Study
      S.V. Setlur Nagesh, V. Fennel, J. Krebs, C. Ionita, J. Davies, D.R. Bednarek, M. Mokin, A.H. Siddiqui and S. Rudin
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5922
    2. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953
  15. Smith, R.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Single-Needle Lateral Sacroplasty Technique
      P.J. Nicholson, C.A. Hilditch, W. Brinjikji, A.C.O. Tsang and R. Smith
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 382-385; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5884
  16. Song, G.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  17. Spyris, C.D.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      High-Grade Gliomas in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Literature Review and Illustrative Cases
      C.D. Spyris, R.C. Castellino, M.J. Schniederjan and N. Kadom
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 366-369; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5888
  18. Sreekumari, A.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  19. Steinberg, G.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  20. Steriade, C.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      FDG-PET and MRI in the Evolution of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus
      T. Strohm, C. Steriade, G. Wu, S. Hantus, A. Rae-Grant and M. Larvie
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 238-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5929
  21. Strohm, T.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      FDG-PET and MRI in the Evolution of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus
      T. Strohm, C. Steriade, G. Wu, S. Hantus, A. Rae-Grant and M. Larvie
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 238-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5929

T

  1. Tabar, V.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  2. Tachibana, Y.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  3. Takemura, M.Y.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  4. Tan, Z.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings
      Z. Tan, X. Long, F. Tian, L. Huang, F. Xie and S. Li
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 245-252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5944
  5. Thomas, A.J.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Endothelialization following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review
      K. Ravindran, M.M. Salem, A.Y. Alturki, A.J. Thomas, C.S. Ogilvy and J.M. Moore
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 295-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5955
  6. Tian, F.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings
      Z. Tan, X. Long, F. Tian, L. Huang, F. Xie and S. Li
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 245-252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5944
  7. Tiemeier, H.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  8. Tomasian, A.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Percutaneous CT-Guided Skull Biopsy: Feasibility, Safety, and Diagnostic Yield
      A. Tomasian, T.J. Hillen and J.W. Jennings
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 309-312; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5949
  9. Triulzi, F.M.

    1. Pediatrics
      You have access
      Brain DSC MR Perfusion in Children: A Clinical Feasibility Study Using Different Technical Standards of Contrast Administration
      S. Gaudino, M. Martucci, A. Botto, E. Ruberto, E. Leone, A. Infante, A. Ramaglia, M. Caldarelli, P. Frassanito, F.M. Triulzi and C. Colosimo
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 359-365; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5954
  10. Tsang, A.C.O.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Single-Needle Lateral Sacroplasty Technique
      P.J. Nicholson, C.A. Hilditch, W. Brinjikji, A.C.O. Tsang and R. Smith
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 382-385; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5884
  11. Tu, N.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
      Open Access
      Treatment Response Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histogram Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
      N. Tu, Y. Zhong, X. Wang, F. Xing, L. Chen and G. Wu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 326-333; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5925

      Thirty-six patients with an initial diagnosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffusional kurtosis imaging acquisitions before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into respond-versus-nonrespond groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and residual-versus-nonresidual groups after radiation therapy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that setting pre-D50th = 0.875 x 10-3 mm2/s as the cutoff value could result in optimal diagnostic performance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction (area under the curve = 0.814, sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.92), while the post-K90th = 1.035 (area under the curve = 0.829, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.72) was optimal for radiation therapy response prediction. Histogram analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging may potentially predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-term radiation therapy response in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

  12. Tutino, V.M.

    1. Interventional
      Open Access
      Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters
      N. Paliwal, V.M. Tutino, H. Shallwani, J.S. Beecher, R.J. Damiano, H.J. Shakir, G.S. Atwal, V.S. Fennell, S.K. Natarajan, E.I. Levy, A.H. Siddiqui, J.M. Davies and H. Meng
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 288-294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5953

V

  1. Vachha, B.

    1. Functional
      Open Access
      Resting-State Functional Connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus Can Predict Language Lateralization in Patients with Brain Tumors
      S. Gohel, M.E. Laino, G. Rajeev-Kumar, M. Jenabi, K. Peck, V. Hatzoglou, V. Tabar, A.I. Holodny and B. Vachha
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 319-325; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5932
  2. Verdoorn, J.T.

    1. Spine
      You have access
      Renal Contrast on CT Myelography: Diagnostic Value in Patients with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
      K.A. Kinsman, J.T. Verdoorn, P.H. Luetmer, M.S. Clark and F.E. Diehn
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 376-381; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5934
  3. Verhulst, F.C.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  4. Vernooij, M.W.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939

W

  1. Wada, A.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Effect of Gadolinium on the Estimation of Myelin and Brain Tissue Volumes Based on Quantitative Synthetic MRI
      T. Maekawa, A. Hagiwara, M. Hori, C. Andica, T. Haruyama, M. Kuramochi, M. Nakazawa, S. Koshino, R. Irie, K. Kamagata, A. Wada, O. Abe and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 231-237; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5921
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  2. Wang, K.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  3. Wang, X.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
      Open Access
      Treatment Response Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histogram Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
      N. Tu, Y. Zhong, X. Wang, F. Xing, L. Chen and G. Wu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 326-333; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5925

      Thirty-six patients with an initial diagnosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffusional kurtosis imaging acquisitions before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into respond-versus-nonrespond groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and residual-versus-nonresidual groups after radiation therapy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that setting pre-D50th = 0.875 x 10-3 mm2/s as the cutoff value could result in optimal diagnostic performance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction (area under the curve = 0.814, sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.92), while the post-K90th = 1.035 (area under the curve = 0.829, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.72) was optimal for radiation therapy response prediction. Histogram analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging may potentially predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-term radiation therapy response in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

  4. White, T.

    1. Pediatrics
      Open Access
      Cavum Septum Pellucidum in the General Pediatric Population and Its Relation to Surrounding Brain Structure Volumes, Cognitive Function, and Emotional or Behavioral Problems
      M.H.G. Dremmen, R.H. Bouhuis, L.M.E. Blanken, R.L. Muetzel, M.W. Vernooij, H.E. Marroun, V.W.V. Jaddoe, F.C. Verhulst, H. Tiemeier and T. White
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 340-346; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5939
  5. Wintermark, M.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  6. Wu, G.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      FDG-PET and MRI in the Evolution of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus
      T. Strohm, C. Steriade, G. Wu, S. Hantus, A. Rae-Grant and M. Larvie
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 238-244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5929
    2. EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
      Open Access
      Treatment Response Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histogram Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
      N. Tu, Y. Zhong, X. Wang, F. Xing, L. Chen and G. Wu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 326-333; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5925

      Thirty-six patients with an initial diagnosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffusional kurtosis imaging acquisitions before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into respond-versus-nonrespond groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and residual-versus-nonresidual groups after radiation therapy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that setting pre-D50th = 0.875 x 10-3 mm2/s as the cutoff value could result in optimal diagnostic performance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction (area under the curve = 0.814, sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.92), while the post-K90th = 1.035 (area under the curve = 0.829, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.72) was optimal for radiation therapy response prediction. Histogram analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging may potentially predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-term radiation therapy response in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

  7. Wu, L.C.

    1. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896

X

  1. Xiang, H.

    1. LETTER
      You have access
      The “Bovine Aortic Arch”: Time to Rethink the True Origin of the Term?
      L.J. Ridley, J. Han and H. Xiang
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) E7-E8; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5924
  2. Xie, F.

    1. Adult Brain
      You have access
      Alterations in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Epilepsy with Impaired Consciousness: A Case-Control Study of Interictal Multivoxel 1H-MRS Findings
      Z. Tan, X. Long, F. Tian, L. Huang, F. Xie and S. Li
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 245-252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5944
  3. Xing, F.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
      Open Access
      Treatment Response Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histogram Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
      N. Tu, Y. Zhong, X. Wang, F. Xing, L. Chen and G. Wu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 326-333; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5925

      Thirty-six patients with an initial diagnosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffusional kurtosis imaging acquisitions before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into respond-versus-nonrespond groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and residual-versus-nonresidual groups after radiation therapy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that setting pre-D50th = 0.875 x 10-3 mm2/s as the cutoff value could result in optimal diagnostic performance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction (area under the curve = 0.814, sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.92), while the post-K90th = 1.035 (area under the curve = 0.829, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.72) was optimal for radiation therapy response prediction. Histogram analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging may potentially predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-term radiation therapy response in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Y

  1. Yan, B.

    1. Interventional
      You have access
      Selection of Patients with Stroke for Thrombectomy Must Be Judicious and Should Not Be Offered to Any Patient with Large-Vessel Occlusion with a Femoral Pulse
      B. Yan
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 287; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5928
  2. Yang, S.-H.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Standardized MR Perfusion Scoring System for Evaluation of Sequential Perfusion Changes and Surgical Outcome of Moyamoya Disease
      Y.-H. Lin, M.-F. Kuo, C.-J. Lu, C.-W. Lee, S.-H. Yang, Y.-C. Huang, H.-M. Liu and Y.-F. Chen
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 260-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5945
  3. Yeo, D.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      You have access
      A Deep Learning–Based Approach to Reduce Rescan and Recall Rates in Clinical MRI Examinations
      A. Sreekumari, D. Shanbhag, D. Yeo, T. Foo, J. Pilitsis, J. Polzin, U. Patil, A. Coblentz, A. Kapadia, J. Khinda, A. Boutet, J. Port and I. Hancu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 217-223; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5926

      The purpose of this study was to develop a fast, automated method for assessing rescan need in motion-corrupted brain series. A deep learning–based approach was developed, outputting a probability for a series to be clinically useful. Comparison of this per-series probability with a threshold, which can depend on scan indication and reading radiologist, determines whether a series needs to be rescanned. The deep learning classification performance was compared with that of 4 technologists and 5 radiologists in 49 test series with low and moderate motion artifacts. Fast, automated deep learning–based image-quality rating can decrease rescan and recall rates, while rendering them technologist-independent. It was estimated that decreasing rescans and recalls from the technologists' values to the values of deep learning could save hospitals $24,000/scanner/year.

  4. Yokoyama, K.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Improving the Quality of Synthetic FLAIR Images with Deep Learning Using a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network for Pixel-by-Pixel Image Translation
      A. Hagiwara, Y. Otsuka, M. Hori, Y. Tachibana, K. Yokoyama, S. Fujita, C. Andica, K. Kamagata, R. Irie, S. Koshino, T. Maekawa, L. Chougar, A. Wada, M.Y. Takemura, N. Hattori and S. Aoki
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 224-230; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5927

      Forty patients with MS were prospectively included and scanned (3T) to acquire synthetic MR imaging and conventional FLAIR images. Synthetic FLAIR images were created with the SyMRI software. Acquired data were divided into 30 training and 10 test datasets. A conditional generative adversarial network was trained to generate improved FLAIR images from raw synthetic MR imaging data using conventional FLAIR images as targets. The peak signal-to-noise ratio, normalized root mean square error, and the Dice index of MS lesion maps were calculated for synthetic and deep learning FLAIR images against conventional FLAIR images, respectively. Lesion conspicuity and the existence of artifacts were visually assessed. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized root mean square error were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in generated-versus-synthetic FLAIR images in aggregate intracranial tissues and all tissue segments. The Dice index of lesion maps and visual lesion conspicuity were comparable between generated and synthetic FLAIR images. Using deep learning, the authors conclude that they improved the synthetic FLAIR image quality by generating FLAIR images that have contrast closer to that of conventional FLAIR images and fewer granular and swelling artifacts, while preserving the lesion contrast.

  5. Yu, J.-P.J.

    1. Head & Neck
      Open Access
      Contrast-Enhanced 3D-FLAIR Imaging of the Optic Nerve and Optic Nerve Head: Novel Neuroimaging Findings of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
      E. Golden, R. Krivochenitser, N. Mathews, C. Longhurst, Y. Chen, J.-P.J. Yu and T.A. Kennedy
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 334-339; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5937
  6. Yu, T.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

Z

  1. Zhang, L.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Etiologies, Imaging Findings, and Outcomes in 101 Patients
      C. Özütemiz, S.K. Roshan, N.J. Kroll, J.C. Benson, J.B. Rykken, M.C. Oswood, L. Zhang and A.M. McKinney
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 267-275; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5947

      Of 101 included patients, the 4 subgroups of >6 were the following: chemotherapy (n = 35), opiates (n = 19), acute hepatic encephalopathy (n = 14), and immunosuppressants (n = 11). Other causes (n = 22 total) notably included carbon monoxide (n = 3) metronidazole (n = 2), and uremia (n = 1). Acute hepatic/hyperammonemic encephalopathy clinically resolved in 36%, with severe outcomes in 23% (coma or death, 9/16 deaths from fludarabine). Notable laboratory results were elevated CSF myelin basic protein levels in 8/9 patients and serum blood urea nitrogen levels in 24/91. Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy is an imaging appearance that can arise from various etiologies, with potentially reversible reduced diffusion predominately affecting the periventricular WM. Given the shared DWI appearance among this heterogeneous array of etiologies, their outcomes may differ. Thus, the neurologic symptoms completely resolved in 36%, while severe outcomes occurred in 23%. The clinical outcome was most severe with chemotherapy-related ATL.

  2. Zhang, X.

    1. Extracranial Vascular
      Open Access
      Transient Ischemic Attack and Carotid Web
      H. Hu, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Li and Y. Zhao
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 313-318; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5946
  3. Zhang, Y.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

    2. Review Article
      Open Access
      A Review of Magnetic Particle Imaging and Perspectives on Neuroimaging
      L.C. Wu, Y. Zhang, G. Steinberg, H. Qu, S. Huang, M. Cheng, T. Bliss, F. Du, J. Rao, G. Song, L. Pisani, T. Doyle, S. Conolly, K. Krishnan, G. Grant and M. Wintermark
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 206-212; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5896
  4. Zhao, J.

    1. Extracranial Vascular
      Open Access
      Transient Ischemic Attack and Carotid Web
      H. Hu, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Li and Y. Zhao
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 313-318; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5946
  5. Zhao, X.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Utility of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Perfusion-Weighted MR Imaging and 11C-Methionine PET/CT for Differentiation of Tumor Recurrence from Radiation Injury in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas
      Z. Qiao, X. Zhao, K. Wang, Y. Zhang, D. Fan, T. Yu, H. Shen, Q. Chen and L. Ai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 253-259; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5952

      Forty-two patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled in this study. The final diagnosis was determined by histopathologic analysis or clinical follow-up. PWI and PET parameters were recorded and compared between patients with recurrence and those with radiation injury using Student t tests. Receiver operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the diagnostic performance of each parameter. The final diagnosis was recurrence in 33 patients and radiation injury in 9. PET/CT showed a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 0.909 and 0.556, respectively, while PWI showed values of 0.667 and 0.778, respectively. The maximum standardized uptake value, mean standardized uptake value, tumor-to-background maximum standardized uptake value, and mean relative CBV were significantly higher for patients with recurrence than for patients with radiation injury. All these parameters showed a significant discriminative power in receiver operating characteristic analysis. Both 11C-methionine PET/CT and PWI are equally accurate in the differentiation of recurrence from radiation injury in patients with high-grade gliomas, and a combination of the 2 modalities could result in increased diagnostic accuracy.

  6. Zhao, Y.

    1. Extracranial Vascular
      Open Access
      Transient Ischemic Attack and Carotid Web
      H. Hu, X. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. Li and Y. Zhao
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 313-318; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5946
  7. Zhong, Y.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEHead & Neck
      Open Access
      Treatment Response Prediction of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Based on Histogram Analysis of Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
      N. Tu, Y. Zhong, X. Wang, F. Xing, L. Chen and G. Wu
      American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2019, 40 (2) 326-333; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5925

      Thirty-six patients with an initial diagnosis of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma and diffusional kurtosis imaging acquisitions before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. Patients were divided into respond-versus-nonrespond groups after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and residual-versus-nonresidual groups after radiation therapy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that setting pre-D50th = 0.875 x 10-3 mm2/s as the cutoff value could result in optimal diagnostic performance for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response prediction (area under the curve = 0.814, sensitivity = 0.70, specificity = 0.92), while the post-K90th = 1.035 (area under the curve = 0.829, sensitivity = 0.78, specificity = 0.72) was optimal for radiation therapy response prediction. Histogram analysis of diffusional kurtosis imaging may potentially predict the neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-term radiation therapy response in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 40 (2)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 40, Issue 2
1 Feb 2019
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