Neuroradiologists, Be Mindful of the Neuroinvasive Potential of COVID-19

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Guan WJ,
   2. Ni ZY,
   3. Hu Y, et al

   ; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med 2020 Feb 28. [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2002032] pmid:32109013

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Desforges M,
   2. Le Coupanec A,
   3. Dubeau P, et al

   . Human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses 2019;12:14 doi:10.3390/v12010014 pmid:31861926

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Desforges M,
   2. Le Coupanec A,
   3. Brison E, et al

   . Neuroinvasive and neurotropic human respiratory coronaviruses: potential neurovirulent agents in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014;807:75–96 doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1777-0_6 pmid:24619619

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Arbour N,
   2. Day R,
   3. Newcombe J, et al

   . Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J Virol 2000;74:8913–21 doi:10.1128/JVI.74.19.8913-8921.2000 pmid:10982334

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Gu J,
   2. Gong E,
   3. Zhang B, et al

   . Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med 2005;202:415–24 doi:10.1084/jem.20050828 pmid:16043521

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Morfopoulou S,
   2. Brown JR,
   3. Davies EG, et al

   . Human coronavirus OC43 associated with fatal encephalitis. N Engl J Med 2016;375:497–98 doi:10.1056/NEJMc1509458 pmid:27518687

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Li Y,
   2. Li H,
   3. Fan R, et al

   . Coronavirus infections in the central nervous system and respiratory tract show distinct features in hospitalized children. Intervirology 2016;59:163–69 doi:10.1159/000453066 pmid:28103598

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Baig AM,
   2. Khaleeq A,
   3. Ali U, et al

   . Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122. Accessed March 25, 2020
9. 9.↵
   1. Li YC,
   2. Bai WZ,
   3. Hashikawa T

   . The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2020 https://https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25728. Accessed March 25, 2020
10. 10.↵
    1. Collins AR

    . In vitro detection of apoptosis in monocytes/macrophages infected with human coronavirus. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002;9:1392–95 doi:10.1128/cdli.9.6.1392-1395.2002 pmid:12414783

    CrossRefPubMed
11. 11.↵
    1. Nicholls JM,
    2. Butany J,
    3. Poon LM, et al

    . Time course and cellular localization of SARS-CoV nucleoprotein and RNA in lungs from fatal cases of SARS. PLoS Med 2006;3:e27 doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030027 pmid:16379499

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Dorovine-Zis K, ed..

    1. Swanson II PA,
    2. McGavern D

    . Portals of Viral Entry into the Central Nervous System. In: Dorovine-Zis K, ed.. The Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease Volume 2: Pathophysiology and Pathology, 1st ed., Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2016:23–47
13. 13.↵
    1. McCray PB Jr.,
    2. Pewe L,
    3. Wohlford-Lenane C, et al

    . Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol 2007;81:813–21 doi:10.1128/JVI.02012-06 pmid:17079315

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.
    1. St-Jean JR,
    2. Jacomy H,
    3. Desforges M, et al

    . Human respiratory coronavirus OC43: genetic stability and neuroinvasion. J Virol 2004;78:8824–34 doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8824-8834.2004 pmid:15280490

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Netland J,
    2. Meyerholz DK,
    3. Moore S, et al

    . Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol 2008;82:7264–75 doi:10.1128/JVI.00737-08 pmid:18495771

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Li K,
    2. Wohlford-Lenane C,
    3. Perlman S, et al

    . Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4. J Infect Dis 2016;213:712–22 doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv499 pmid:26486634

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Principi N,
    2. Bosis S,
    3. Esposito S

    . Effects of coronavirus infections in children. Emerging Infect Dis 2010;16:183–88 doi:10.3201/eid1602.090469 pmid:20113545

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
18. 18.↵
    1. Turgay C,
    2. Emine T,
    3. Ozlem K, et al

    . A rare cause of acute flaccid paralysis: human coronaviruses. J Pediatr Neurosci 2015;10:280–01 doi:10.4103/1817-1745.165716 pmid:26557177

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Sharma K,
    2. Tengsupakul S,
    3. Sanchez O, et al

    . Guillain–Barré syndrome with unilateral peripheral facial and bulbar palsy in a child: a case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2019;7:2050313X1983875 doi:10.1177/2050313X19838750 pmid:30915222

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Yeh EA,
    2. Collins A,
    3. Cohen ME, et al

    . Detection of coronavirus in the central nervous system of a child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Pediatrics 2004;113:e73–76 doi:10.1542/peds.113.1.e73 pmid:14702500

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    1. Lau KK,
    2. Yu WC,
    3. Chu CM, et al

    . Possible central nervous system infection by SARS coronavirus. Emerging Infect Dis 2004;10:342–44 doi:10.3201/eid1002.030638 pmid:15030709

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. 22.↵
    1. Algahtani H,
    2. Subahi A,
    3. Shirah B

    . Neurological complications of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Case Rep Neurol Med 2016;2016:3502683 doi:10.1155/2016/3502683 pmid:27239356

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.
    1. Bohmwald K,
    2. Gálvez NM,
    3. Ríos M, et al

    . Neurologic alterations due to respiratory virus infections. Front Cell Neurosci 2018;12:386 doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00386 pmid:30416428

    CrossRefPubMed
24. 24.↵
    1. Arabi YM,
    2. Harthi A,
    3. Hussein J, et al

    . Severe neurologic syndrome associated with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV). Infection 2015;43:495–501 doi:10.1007/s15010-015-0720-y pmid:25600929

    CrossRefPubMed
25. 25.↵
    1. Xu J,
    2. Zhong S,
    3. Liu J, et al

    . Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the brain: potential role of the chemokine mig in pathogenesis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1089–96 doi:10.1086/444461 pmid:16163626

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    1. Mao L,
    2. Wang M,
    3. Chen S, et al

    . Neurological manifestations of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective case series study. MedRXiv 2020. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.20026500. Accessed March 25, 2020