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Research ArticleAdult Brain
Open Access

Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study

J. Ding, Y. Duan, Z. Zhuo, Y. Yuan, G. Zhang, Q. Song, B. Gao, B. Zhang, M. Wang, L. Yang, Y. Hou, J. Yuan, C. Feng, J. Wang, L. Lin and Y. Liu
American Journal of Neuroradiology July 2021, 42 (7) 1208-1215; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7091
J. Ding
aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Y. Duan
aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Z. Zhuo
aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Y. Yuan
bDepartment of Radiology (Y.Y., G.Z.), Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
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G. Zhang
bDepartment of Radiology (Y.Y., G.Z.), Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
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Q. Song
cDepartment of Radiology (Q.S., B.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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B. Gao
cDepartment of Radiology (Q.S., B.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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B. Zhang
dDepartment of Radiology (B.Z., M.W.), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
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M. Wang
dDepartment of Radiology (B.Z., M.W.), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China
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L. Yang
eDepartment of Radiology (L.Y., Y.H.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Y. Hou
eDepartment of Radiology (L.Y., Y.H.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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J. Yuan
aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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C. Feng
aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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J. Wang
fPhilips Healthcare (J.W., L.L.), Beijing, P.R. China
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L. Lin
fPhilips Healthcare (J.W., L.L.), Beijing, P.R. China
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Y. Liu
aFrom the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical practice of three-dimensional TOF-MRA, despite its capability in brain artery assessment, has been hampered by the relatively long scan time, while recent developments in fast imaging techniques with random undersampling has shed light on an improved balance between image quality and imaging speed. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of TOF-MRA accelerated by compressed sensitivity encoding and to identify the optimal acceleration factors for routine clinical use.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred subjects, enrolled at 5 centers, underwent 8 brain TOF-MRA sequences: 5 sequences using compressed sensitivity encoding with acceleration factors of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (CS2, CS4, CS6, CS8, and CS10), 2 using sensitivity encoding with factors of 2 and 4 (SF2 and SF4), and 1 without acceleration as a reference sequence (RS). Five large arteries, 6 medium arteries, and 6 small arteries were evaluated quantitatively (reconstructed signal intensity, structural similarity, contrast ratio) and qualitatively (scores on arteries, artifacts, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence for aneurysm and stenosis). Comparisons were performed among the 8 sequences.

RESULTS: The quantitative measurements showed that the reconstructed signal intensities of the assessed arteries and the structural similarity consistently decreased as the compressed sensitivity encoding acceleration factor increased, and no significant difference was found for the contrast ratios in pair-wise comparisons among SF2, CS2, and CS4. Qualitative evaluations showed no significant difference in pair-wise comparisons among RS, SF2, and CS2 (P > .05). The visualization of all the assessed arteries was acceptable for CS2 and CS4, while 2 small arteries in images of CS6 were not reliably displayed, and the visualization of large arteries was acceptable in images of CS8 and CS10.

CONCLUSIONS: CS4 is recommended for routine brain TOF-MRA with balanced image quality and acquisition time; CS6, for examinations when small arteries are not evaluated; and CS10, for fast visualization of large arteries.

ABBREVIATIONS:

ACA
anterior cerebral artery
BA
basilar artery
CR
contrast ratio
CS
compressed sensing
L
left
R
right
RS
reference sequence without SENSE or CS-SENSE acceleration
RSI
reconstructed signal intensity
SENSE
sensitivity encoding
SF
SENSE technique with acceleration factors
SSIM
structural similarity index
VA
vertebral artery
PCA
posterior cerebral artery
  • © 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 42 (7)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
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Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study
J. Ding, Y. Duan, Z. Zhuo, Y. Yuan, G. Zhang, Q. Song, B. Gao, B. Zhang, M. Wang, L. Yang, Y. Hou, J. Yuan, C. Feng, J. Wang, L. Lin, Y. Liu
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2021, 42 (7) 1208-1215; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7091

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Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study
J. Ding, Y. Duan, Z. Zhuo, Y. Yuan, G. Zhang, Q. Song, B. Gao, B. Zhang, M. Wang, L. Yang, Y. Hou, J. Yuan, C. Feng, J. Wang, L. Lin, Y. Liu
American Journal of Neuroradiology Jul 2021, 42 (7) 1208-1215; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A7091
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