Section Editor: Sandy Cheng-Yu Chen, M.D.
Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Figure Caption
Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a specific pattern of hippocampal neuronal loss accompanied by gliosis and atrophy. It is the most common cause of temporal lobe epilepsy. The epileptogenic focus involves the structures of the mesial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus. Atrophic hippocampus with T2 (FLAIR) hyperintensity (yellow arrows), together with volume loss causing secondary enlargement of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle (white arrow), are classic findings. Associated findings may include atrophy of the ipsilateral mammillary body, fornix, and other parts of the limbic system.