Section Editor: Sandy Cheng-Yu Chen, M.D.
Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Tuberous sclerosis is a rare multi-system genetic disease in which non-malignant tumors can grow in the brain, heart, kidneys, eyes, lungs and skin. Neurologically it may present with seizures, developmental delay, or even as subtly as behavior problems. FLAIR MR images are ideal to identify the number of cortical tubers and the extent of dysmyelinating white matters. In this case, multiple presumably subependymal giant cell astrocytomas are seen (yellow arrows, A and B) with corresponding enhancement on post-gadolinium T1WI (yellow arrow, C). The hyperintense cortical tubers seen on FLAIR images (red arrows) are hypointense on T1WI and non-enhancing (C).