TY - JOUR T1 - Iron Deposition on SWI-Filtered Phase in the Subcortical Deep Gray Matter of Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome May Precede Structure-Specific Atrophy JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. SP - 1596 LP - 1601 DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A3030 VL - 33 IS - 8 AU - J. Hagemeier AU - B. Weinstock-Guttman AU - N. Bergsland AU - M. Heininen-Brown AU - E. Carl AU - C. Kennedy AU - C. Magnano AU - D. Hojnacki AU - M.G. Dwyer AU - R. Zivadinov Y1 - 2012/09/01 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/33/8/1596.abstract N2 - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence suggests that iron deposition is present in the later stages of MS. In this study we examined abnormal phase values, indicative of increased iron content on SWI-filtered phase images of the SDGM in CIS patients and HC. We also examined the association of abnormal phase with conventional MR imaging outcomes at first clinical onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two patients with CIS (31 female, 11 male) and 65 age and sex-matched HC (41 female, 24 male) were scanned on a 3T scanner. Mean age was 40.1 (SD = 10.4) years in patients with CIS, and 42.8 (SD = 14) years in HC, while mean disease duration was 1.2 years (SD = 1.3) in patients with CIS. MP-APT, NPTV, and normalized volume measurements were derived for all SDGM structures. Parametric and nonparametric group-wise comparisons were performed, and associations were determined with other MR imaging metrics. RESULTS: Patients with CIS had significantly increased MP-APT (P = .029) and MP-APT volume (P = .045) in the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus compared with HC. Furthermore, the putamen (P = .004), caudate (P = .035), and total SDGM (P = .048) displayed significant increases in MP-APT volume, while MP-APT was also significantly increased in the putamen (P = .029). No global or regional volumetric MR imaging differences were found between the study groups. Significant correlations were observed between increased MP-APT volumes of total SDGM, caudate, thalamus, hippocampus, and substantia nigra with white matter atrophy and increased T2 lesion volume (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Patients with CIS showed significantly increased content and volume of iron, as determined by abnormal SWI-phase measurement, in the various SDGM structures, suggesting that iron deposition may precede structure-specific atrophy. CISclinically isolated syndromeEDSSExpanded Disability Status ScaleETLecho-train lengthFIRSTfMRI-integrated registration and segmentation toolGdgadoliniumGMgray matterHChealthy controlsLVlesion volumeMP-APTmean phase of the abnormal phase tissueNBVnormalized brain volumeNGMVnormalized gray matter volumeNLVVnormalized lateral ventricle volumeNPTVnormal phase tissue volumeNWMVnormalized white matter volumepFOVphase FOVRRMSrelapsing-remitting MSSDGMsubcortical deep GM ER -