TY - JOUR T1 - CNS–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the Setting of HIV Infection, Part 2: Discussion of Neuro–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome with and without Other Pathogens JF - American Journal of Neuroradiology JO - Am. J. Neuroradiol. SP - 1308 LP - 1318 DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A3184 VL - 34 IS - 7 AU - M.J.D. Post AU - M.M. Thurnher AU - D.B. Clifford AU - A. Nath AU - R.G. Gonzalez AU - R.K. Gupta AU - K.K. Post Y1 - 2013/07/01 UR - http://www.ajnr.org/content/34/7/1308.abstract N2 - SUMMARY: While the previous review of CNS-IRIS in the HIV-infected patient on highly active antiretroviral therapy (Part 1) dealt with an overview of the biology, pathology, and neurologic presentation of this condition and a discussion of the atypical imaging findings in PML-IRIS and cryptococcal meningitis–IRIS due to the robust inflammatory response, the current review (Part 2) discusses the imaging findings in other commonly encountered organisms seen in association with CNS-IRIS, namely, VZV, CMV, HIV, Candida organisms, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. Also described is the imaging appearance of CNS-IRIS when not associated with a particular organism. Recognition of these imaging findings will give credence to the diagnosis of CNS-IRIS and will allow the clinician to institute changes in medical management, if necessary, so that immune reconstitution and improved patient outcome can occur with time. CMVcytomegalovirusHAARThighly active antiretroviral therapyHIVEHIV encephalitisIgGimmunoglobulin GIRISimmune reconstitution inflammatory syndromeMACMycobacterium avium complexPCRpolymerase chain reactionPMLprogressive multifocal leukoencephalopathyTBtuberculosisVZVVaricella zoster ER -