@article {Ou1983, author = {X. Ou and C.M. Glasier and R.H. Ramakrishnaiah and S.B. Mulkey and Z. Ding and T.L. Angtuaco and A. Andres and J.R. Kaiser}, title = {Impaired White Matter Development in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants with Previous Brain Hemorrhage}, volume = {35}, number = {10}, pages = {1983--1989}, year = {2014}, doi = {10.3174/ajnr.A3988}, publisher = {American Journal of Neuroradiology}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain hemorrhage is common in premature infants. The purpose of the study is to evaluate white matter development in extremely low-birth-weight infants with or without previous brain hemorrhage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three extremely low-birth-weight infants were prospectively enrolled and included in this institutional review board{\textendash}approved study. Another 10 healthy term infants were included as controls. The medical records of the extremely low-birth-weight infants were reviewed for sonography diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. All infants had an MR imaging examination at term-equivalent age for detection of previous hemorrhage, and their white matter was scored and compared among different groups. DTI measured fractional anisotropy values were also compared voxelwise by tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS: Compared with controls, the white matter score was not significantly different in extremely low-birth-weight infants without blood deposition on MR imaging (P = .17), but was significantly worse in extremely low-birth-weight infants with blood deposition on MR imaging but no intraventricular hemorrhage diagnosis by sonography (P = .02), in extremely low-birth-weight infants with grade 1 or 2 intraventricular hemorrhage on sonography (P = .003), and in extremely low-birth-weight infants with grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage on sonography (P = .0001). Extremely low-birth-weight infants without blood deposition on MR imaging did not show any white matter regions with significantly lower fractional anisotropy values than controls. Extremely low-birth-weight infants with blood deposition on MR imaging, but no intraventricular hemorrhage diagnosis, did show white matter regions with significantly lower fractional anisotropy values, and extremely low-birth-weight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage diagnosis had widespread white matter regions with lower fractional anisotropy values. CONCLUSIONS: Previous brain hemorrhage is associated with abnormal white matter in extremely low-birth-weight infants at term-equivalent age, and sonography is not sensitive to minor hemorrhages that are sufficient to cause white matter injury. ELBWextremely low-birth-weightFAfractional anisotropyIVHintraventricular hemorrhageTBSStract-based spatial statistics}, issn = {0195-6108}, URL = {https://www.ajnr.org/content/35/10/1983}, eprint = {https://www.ajnr.org/content/35/10/1983.full.pdf}, journal = {American Journal of Neuroradiology} }