%0 Journal Article %A S. Soize %A F. Bouquigny %A K. Kadziolka %A C. Portefaix %A L. Pierot %T Value of 4D MR Angiography at 3T Compared with DSA for the Follow-Up of Treated Brain Arteriovenous Malformation %D 2014 %R 10.3174/ajnr.A3982 %J American Journal of Neuroradiology %P 1903-1909 %V 35 %N 10 %X BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Four-dimensional, contrast-enhanced MRA is a useful technique for the diagnosis and classification of brain AVM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its usefulness in the follow-up of treated brain AVM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with treated brain AVM (embolization, radiosurgery, and/or surgery) were investigated with both DSA (the “gold standard”) and 4D MRA. Four-dimensional MRA was performed at 3T using a 4D sequence, combining contrast-enhanced timing-robust angiography, keyhole, and sensitivity encoding techniques. Examinations were evaluated by 2 independent readers and disagreements were resolved by a third reader. Interobserver and intermodality agreement with respect to residual nidus, residual venous drainage, and brain AVM patency were determined. RESULTS: Between May 2008 and February 2013, 37 patients with a median age of 45 years (interquartile range = 26–55) were prospectively included. Examinations were acquired 36 months (IQR = 10–45.5) after the last treatment. Interobserver agreement for brain AVM patency was very good for both 4D MRA (κ 0.82, 95% CI .67–.98) and DSA (κ 0.84, 95% CI .69–.98). After consensus reading, intermodality agreement for the evaluation of brain AVM patency was good (κ 0.73, 95% CI .55–.90). Diagnostic accuracy of 4D MRA for residual brain AVM compared with DSA, reached a sensitivity of 73.7%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 78.3%. Agreements by technique of treatment are also detailed. CONCLUSIONS: Four-dimensional MRA is a useful radiation-free technique for the follow-up of patients with treated brain AVM, especially patients treated by radiosurgery. However, given its actual limitations it is not sufficient to assert the cure; DSA remains mandatory for this purpose. 4D-MRA4D contrast-enhanced MRAbAVMbrain AVMCENTRAcontrast-enhanced timing-robust angiographySENSEsensitivity encoding %U https://www.ajnr.org/content/ajnr/35/10/1903.full.pdf